Test 4 Flashcards
Personality
A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
Id
The part of the person that Freud called the “it,” consisting of unconscious drives; the individuals reservoir of sexual energy; “WANT IT NOW”;no contact with reality; PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
Ego
The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality; tries to bring a person pleasure within the norms of society; partly conscious but mostly unconscious; helps a person test reality to see how far they go before getting in trouble and/or hurt; REALITY PRINCIPLE
Superego
The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; what we often call conscious; MORALITY PRINCIPLE
Defense Mechanisms
Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality;
Repression
Most powerful of the ego’s defense mechanisms; pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind; foundation for ALL psychological defense mechanisms.
Oral Stage
1st psychosexual stage - First 18 months of life; Chewing, sucking, and biting are sources of pleasure that reduce tension in an infant.
Anal Stage
2nd psychosexual stage - 18 to 36 months old; pleasure in controlling bowels; child says “it’s mine!;
Phallic Stage
3rd psychosexual stage - 3 to 6 years old; pleasure is focused on the genitals and self-stimulation; triggers the Oedipus complex (replace the father and enjoy the affections of the mother)
Oedipus Complex
Freud’s theory of a boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother. Eventually the boy fears his father might punish him for these wishes by castration (castration anxiety). To reduce this conflict, boy identifies with his father, adopting the male gender role. Castration anxiety is repressed into the unconscious and serves as foundation for the development of the superego (morality principle). Girls were believed to be morally inferior to men due to not having a penis and therefore not being able to develop a supergo in the same way as boys. As a result, girls have “penis envy” which is the intense desire to have a penis by marrying and having a son.
Latency period
Not a developmental psychosexual stage, more of a “time-out” - 6 years old to puberty; After drama of the phallic stage, the child sets aside all interest in sexuality; Freud felt that this was a time in which NO psychosexual development occurred though modern science has proved this wrong.
Genital Stage
Sexual reawakening - adolescence and adulthood; a point when the source of sexual pleasure shifts to someone outside the family; 2 hallmarks of maturity: love and work.
Karen Horney
1st feminist critic of Freud; believed in the sociocultural approach to personality; “need for security, NOT SEX, is the prime motive for human existence; both genders envy the attributes of each other.
Collective Unconscious
Jung’s term for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past; contain “archetypes”.
Archetypes
Jung’s term for emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people.Anima: passive feminine side, Animus: assertive masculine side, Persona: public mask all people wear in social interaction that keeps secret parts of ourselves hidden from others.
Adler
Believed people are motivated by purposes and goals (individual psychology) therefore perfection, not pleasure, is the key motivator in life; Coined the term “compensation”: making up for an inferiority by excelling somewhere else; Birth order influences a persons strive for superiority
Maslow’s Approach to humanistic psychology
Referred to humanistic psych as third force (behind psychodynamic and behaviorism); Self-actualization: motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being and being able to maintain a capacity for peak experiences;
