Test #5: Oncology Flashcards
What is The most important risk factor for lung cancer?
Smoking
What percentage of deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking?
90% of men/80% of women
What is the most effective non-invasive way to evaluate lung cancer?
CT scan
What are the 7 warning signs of cancer represented by the acronym “CAUTION”?
C-hange in bladder or bowel habits
A-sore that does not heal
U-nusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice
T-hinkening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere
I-ndigestion or difficulty swallowing
O-bvious change in a wart or mole
N-agging cough or hoarseness
Why is the TNM staging system not used in small-cell lung cancer?
Because small cell is very aggressive and is always considered systemic.
In addition to chemotherapy, what treatment would be used in a patient with small-cell lung cancer to prevent cerebral metastases?
Prophylactic Cranial Radiation
Most lung cancer arise from which type of cells?
Bronchial epithelial cells
An organ/transplant from one’s own body is called?
Allogenic
How many men develop prostate cancer
1 out of 5
chemotherapeutic drugs can be divided into….
Irritants and vesicants
When can a cancerous lesion be detected on an X-ray?
At 1cm diameter. Cells grow slowly and take about 8-10years to become 1cm.
What are the two types of lung cancer?
NSCLC-80% and SCLC-20%
How does cancer metastasize?
By direct extension and via blood and lymph system
What are the s&s of Lung cancer?
Cough that is producing sputum, persistent pneumonitis r/t obstruction causing fever chills and cough, blood tinged sputum, dyspnea and wheezes
How is Lung cancer most commonly caught?
Chest X-ray
What is the most effective non-invasive evaluator of Lung cancer?
CT
What is the only definitive diagnosis of lung cancer?
Biopsy
How is NSCLC staged?
With TNM. T=tumor size, N=regional lymph node involvement, M=the presence or absence of metastasis
How is SCLC staged?
Limited and extensive. (Limited – confined to the chest and regional lymph nodes) (Extensive – extends to chest wall or other parts of the body)
CAUTION - C
Change in bowel or bladder habits
CAUTION - A
A sore that does not heal
CAUTION - U
Unusual bleeding or discharge
CAUTION - T
Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or elsewhere
CAUTION - I
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing