test 5 mitral: insufficiency, valve prolapse, stenosis

Question 1

Mitral Valve Insufficiency

Answer 1

 Incomplete closure or absence of the mitral valve
 Increased filling of LA
 Leads to dilation and hypertrophy
 Clinical Presentation:
 Palpitations, Fatigue, Orthopnea, Pulmonary Edema

Question 2

What is Mitral Valve Prolapse and symptoms

Answer 2

 Mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the LA during systole
 MVP associated with Mitral Insufficiency (MR)
 Not usually serious
 Many don’t even know they have it
 Many live with it asymptomatic for years
 Symptoms include: SOB, Palpitations, Chest pain.
 Etiology of these unclear

Question 3

Mitral Valve Prolapse treatment

Answer 3

 Doesn’t require treatment unless significant mitral insufficiency is present
 Usually only surgical with severe Mitral Insufficiency and symptomatic.

Question 4

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Answer 4

 Rare congenital heart disease
 Narrowing of the mitral valve
 Leaflets are abnormally thickened
 MV annulus may be small
 Chordae may only be attached to 1 papillary muscle creating a parachute mitral valve.

Question 5

What happens with Mitral Valve Stenosis

Answer 5

 LA dilation
 Increased LA pressures
 Increased pulmonary venous, pulmonary arteriolar, pulmonary artery, and RV systolic pressures
 Leads to pulmonary hypertension
 Pulmonary Edema
 Right Heart Failure
- INSUFFICIENT LEFT ATRIAL EMPTYING

Question 6

Mitral Valve Stenosis Treatment

Answer 6

 Pulmonary edema – improved with diuretics

 Surgical MV repair or replacement