Test 5 HIV and AIDS Flashcards
- List opportunistic infections and their manifestations
Can be cancerous, viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoal.
Cancerous: Kaposi’s Sarcoma-dark purple lesions
Viral: cytomegalovirus-multiple problems/blindness
Bacterial: mycobacterium tuberculosis
Fungal: candidiasis/ pneumocystis pneumonia: monitor coughing
- Help with ADLs; Help with independence, hygiene, bathing.
- Manifestations of HIV
Chronic stage (Asymptomatic Stage)
May not have signs and symptoms.
These stages can last up to a decade or more for people who are NOT taking medications to treat and dome who are taking ART may stay in this stage and may never progress to the last stage…AIDS
Lower viral load but the virus is still replicating and destroying in the cells.
Can still transmit HIV to others (ART can help lower this chance)
Women; Chronic vaginal infections and abnormal Pap smears
- Risk factors to contracting HIV. (Body fluids)
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk
- Type of precaution used with HIV positive clients.
Standard Precautions: gown and gloves only
- HIV client education
Medication regimen
Maintain weight with supplement vitamins (Vitamin B12, Thy)
Avoid people with infection.
Rest
Take temperature daily.
- Antiretroviral adverse effects and client education
DOES NOT CURE but slow its progression.
B12 and thyamine will help with neuropathy caused by antiretroviral meds.
- ADC manifestations
AIDS dementia complex
Degeneration of brain
Affects mood, cognition, and motor functions.
- Prevent falls with rails and bed alarms.
- End of live nursing actions for clients with AIDS
Provide analgesia.
- Nursing actions for diarrhea
Give fluids. (Dehydration)
Increased potassium rich foods (Hypokalemia)
Antidiarrheals
Avoid: fiber,diary,fat., caffeine and alcohol
- Nursing actions for constipation
Adding fiber rich food to the diet gradually
Increase ambulation.
Drink plenty of fluids
Stool softener
- Zidovudine K,H,K
Reverse Transcriptase
Monitor for pancreatitis and liver dysfunction.
Monitor for severe N/V and abdominal pain
- AIDS manifestations with nursing interventions
Fever
- Antipyretic before going to bed.
Nausea
- Stay away from spicy foods, room temperature food (no soups, no ice cream)
Weight loss
- Recommended supplement also for nausea and difficulty swallowing
Swollen lymph nodes
- Apple warm compression
Pharyngitis and difficulty swallowing
- Gargle salt water
Rash
- Keep skin clean, dry, apply moisturizer, and use lubricated wipes or soft washcloth.
Muscle and joint pain
- Pain medication
OIs and their manifestations
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- Criteria for confirming a diagnosis of AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Last stage)
Immune system will be destroyed by the virus (viral load very high and person can easily spread to others) and without medication survival time is only a few years.
Diagnosed with AIDS if:
CD4 count drops to less than 200 cells per millimeter.
Opportunistic disease is present.
- Priorities for pregnant clients with AIDS
Prevent progression of the disease in the woman
Prevent perinatal transmission of the virus to the fetus
- HIV testing protocol
ELISA test
Western Blot: Confirmation test
Total t-cell count
- Once a positive HIV status is established, it is necessary to monitor the CD4+ count and viral load of the patient’s blood.
- Must be repeated and if negative longer than 6 months its negative
- The earlier someone is diagnosed, the better the treatment.
