Test 5 HIV/Aids Flashcards
- List opportunistic infections and their manifestations (pp slide 10)
(Can be cancerous, viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoal)
Cancerous: Kaposi’s sarcoma – dark purple lesions
Viral: cytomegalovirus- multiple problems/blindness
Bacterial: mycobacterium TB
Fungal: candidiasis/ pneumocystis pneumonia (help w/ADLS like bathing & hygiene) due to coughing (early sx),SOB, difficulty breathing: preserve energy for more important tasks
- Manifestations of HIV (PP slide 6)
Chronic Stage:
May not have signs & sx but if they do they will be flu like sx that last for a few wks (aches, joint pain, headache, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes GI upset & rash); woman: chronic vaginal infections, abnormal pap smears
Can last up to a decade or more for people who AREN’T taking medications to treat & some who are taking ART may stay in this stage & may never progess to the last stage (AIDS)
Lower viral load but virus is still replicating & destroying the cells
Can still transmit HIV to others (ART can help lower this chance)
- Risk factors to contracting HIV (pp slide 3)
Exposure to body fluids: blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
- Type of precaution used with HIV positive clients (pp slide 12)
Standard precautions
- HIV client education (PP slide12)
Maintain weight w/supplemental vitamins (B12 & thymineto help w/neuropathy caused by antiretroviral meds )
Adhere to medication regimen
Avoid people w/infections
Rest
Take temperature daily (if developing fever, sign of infection, can be provided w/antibiotics immediately)
- Antiretroviral adverse effects and client education (Pharm ATI pg.344)
AE: bone marrow suppression, causing anemia, agranulocytosis & thrombocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy, N/V
Take on a regular schedule, don’t miss doses (missed medication doses can cause drug resistance),
Take w/food to reduce gastric irritation.
Educate to monitor for bleeding, easy bruising, sore throat & fatigue.
- ADC manifestations (PP slide 10)
AIDS dementia complex: degeneration of brain: affects mood, cognition & motor functions (Prevent falls with rails & bed alarms)
- End of life nursing actions for clients with AIDS (PP slide 12)
Provide analgesia
- Nursing actions for diarrhea (PG.603)
Diarrhea:
Avoid: fiber, dairy, fat, caffeine, alcohol
Limit intake of clear liquids for 1 or 2 meals, gradually advance to regular diet.
Antidiarrheal agents
Replace Fluid & electrolytes IV
Increase potassium rich foods (hypokalmemia)
- Nursing actions for constipation (PG.603)
High fiber foods & Increase fluids
Encourage mobility
Establish regular time for bowel movement (w/in 30 mins of meal)
Stool softener
- Zidovudine K,H,K (Pharm ATI pg.344)
Reverse transcriptase (prevents new HIV copies from being created)
Monitor for severe N/V & abdominal pain
Monitor for pancreatitis & liver disfunction
Used in prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission
Monitor CBC, platelets & liver enzymes.
- AIDS nursing interventions (PP slide 12)
Standard precautions
Antiretroviral drug: drug teaching & side teaching
Reduce occupational risks
At end of life: provide analgesia
Support group & resource referrals
- Criteria for confirming a diagnosis of AIDS (pp slide 7)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (LAST STAGE)
Immune system will be destroyed by the virus: viral load very high & person can easily spread to others and w/out medications survival time is only a few years
Dx w/AIDS if:
CD4 count drops to <200 cells per millimeter.
Opportunistic disease is present
- Priorities for pregnant clients with AIDS (Maternity ATI pg.43)
Early identification & treatment (to significantly decrease the incidence of perinatal transmission)
Administer Zidovudine to infant at delivery & for 6 weeks after birth
- HIV testing protocol (pp slide 8)
Western Blot (confirmation test)must be repeated: in 2 weeks then 1 month, if negative after 6months then client is negative
Elisa test(detects HIV antibodies)
Total t-cell count: once a + HIV status is established , its necessary to monitor the CD4 count & viral load of the patients blood.
- AIDS manifestations (PP slide 9)
Fever & night sweats (administer preventative antipyretics before bed, provide fluids)
Nausea (room temp foods, no spicy foods, provide crackers)
Weight loss (give supplements)
Swollen lymph nodes(apply warm compress, rest, pain relievers)
Pharyngitis & difficulty swallowing(increase fluids, gargle salt water, thickened fluids)
Rash (cool compresses to suppress itching, moisturized skin)
Muscle & joint pain (balance rest w/activity, ice packs to joints, analgesics)
OI’s & their manifestations
