test 5: ch12 (spinal cord & PNS) Flashcards
canal that extends down the length of the spinal cord (contains cerebrospinal fluid)
central canal
bony canal through vertebrae that contains the spinal cord
vertebral canal or spinal cavity
myelinated white matter outside the spinal cord that is responsible for carrying sensory information up to the brain
ascending tracts
myelinated white matter outside the spinal cord that is responsible for carrying motor commands down from the brain to a peripheral nerve
descending tracts
the order of meninges from outermost to innermost layers:
dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid layer, subarachnoid space, pia mater
meninge known as “tough mother”, forms a tough, fibrous sac around the CNS
dura mater
meninge that is actual space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer
subdural space
meninge that means “spiderlike”, it is a thin and delicate layer that is attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments
arachnoid layer
meninge that is the space between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater, it contains cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain from the outside
subarachnoid space
meninge that means “soft mother”, it is the innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
pia mater
how many pairs of cranial nerves does the peripheral nervous system contain?
12 pairs
how many pairs of spinal nerves does the peripheral nervous system contain?
31 pairs
a group or bundle of axon fibers located outside the central nervous system that carries messages between the CNS and the various parts of the body
nerve
the point where either type of nerve (cranial or spinal) is attached tot he central nervous system
nerve root
neurons that carry sensory information form a sensory receptor to the central nervous system
afferent (or sensory) neurons
neurons that carry activity instructions from the central nervous system to muscles or glands out in the body
efferent (or motor) neurons
when the nerve cell bodies of the neurons forming a nerve are grouped together in a knot-like mass
ganglion
part of the nervous system that is involved with the control of involuntary or unconscious bodily functions; may increase or decrease the activity of the smooth muscle found in viscera and blood vessels, cardiac muscle, and glands
autonomic nervous system
a branch of the ANS that controls the “fight or flight” reactions during times of stress and crisis, it increases heart rate, dilate airways, increase blood pressure, inhibit digestion, and stimulate the production of adrenaline during a crisis
sympathetic
a branch of the ANS that controls “rest-and-digest reaction”, it causes heartrate to slow down, lower blood pressure, and stimulate digestion
parasympathetic
