test 5: ch11

Question 1

regulates circadian rhythm

Answer 1

function of pineal gland

Question 2

regulates many other endocrine glands

Answer 2

function of pituitary gland

Question 3

regulates metabolic rate

Answer 3

function of thyroid gland

Question 4

regulates blood calcium level

Answer 4

function of parathyroid gland

Question 5

promotes development of immune system

Answer 5

function of thymus gland

Question 6

regulates water and electrolyte levels

Answer 6

function of adrenal glands

Question 7

regulates female reproductive system

Answer 7

function of ovaries

Question 8

regulates blood sugar levels

Answer 8

function of pancreas

Question 9

regulates male reproductive system

Answer 9

function of testes

Question 10

chemical substance secreted by endocrine gland that enters bloodstream and is carried to its target tissue

Answer 10

what is a hormone?

Question 11

organs of body that release secretions

Answer 11

what is a gland?

Question 12

steady state or state of balance withing the body (the kidneys assist in this)

Answer 12

what is homeostasis?

Question 13

secrete substances into a duct (like tears and tear ducts) that carries them to the outside of the body

Answer 13

what are exocrine glands?

Question 14

release hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 14

what are endocrine glands?

Question 15

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), steroid sex hormones (androgens)

Answer 15

name all corticosteroids that are produced by the outer layer of the adrenal cortex

Question 16

the steroid sex hormones does the adrenal cortex of both men and women secrete?

Answer 16

what are androgens?

Question 17

a corticosteroid that regulates sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels in the body

Answer 17

what is aldosterone?

Question 18

a corticosteroid that regulates carbohydrates in the body

Answer 18

what is cortisol?

Question 19

true or false: all hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are steroid hormones

Answer 19

true

Question 20

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

Answer 20

name all the hormones secreted by the inner adrenal medulla

Question 21

hormones that are critical during emergencies because they increase blood pressure, hearth rate, and respiration levels making the body perform better during stressful times

Answer 21

what is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Question 22

the organs that produce sex cells

Answer 22

what are gonads?

Question 23

the reproductive sex cells, in females (ova) and in males (sperm)

Answer 23

what are gametes?

Question 24

responsible for the appearance of the female sexual characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle

Answer 24

what is the role of estrogen?

Question 25

helps to maintain a suitable uterine environment for pregnancy

Answer 25

what is the role of progesterone?

Question 26

the only organ in the body to have both endocrine and exocrine functions

Answer 26

what is the pancreas?

Question 27

what are the endocrine sections of the pancreas?

Answer 27

the pancreatic islets or islets or Langerhans

Question 28

what two hormones are released by the islets of the pancreas?

Answer 28

insulin and glucagon

Question 29

hormone that stimulates the cells of the body to take in glucose from the bloodstream, lowering the body's sugar level

Answer 29

what is insulin?

Question 30

hormone that stimulates the liver to release glucose, thereby raising the blood glucose level

Answer 30

what is glucagon?

Question 31

a hormone that regulates the amount of calcium in the blood

Answer 31

what is a parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Question 32

can occur from accidentally removing the parathyroid glands during surgery

Answer 32

what is tetany (muscle excitability and tremors)?

Question 33

the small pine-cone shaped organ that is part of the thalamus, it secretes melatonin which plays a role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm

Answer 33

what is the pineal gland?

Question 34

the 24-hour clock that governs periods of wakefulness and sleepiness

Answer 34

what is the circadian rhythm?

Question 35

gland that is located under the brain; small and marble shape that is divided into an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe that are controlled by the hypothalamus

Answer 35

what is the pituitary gland?

Question 36

the region of the brain that is active in regulating automatic body responses

Answer 36

what is the hypothalamus?

Question 37

hormone that promotes growth of the body by stimulating cells to rapidly increase in size and divide

Answer 37

what is a growth hormone (GH), also called somatotropin

Question 38

hormone that regulates the function of the thyroid gland

Answer 38

what is a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Question 39

hormone that regulates the function of the adrenal cortex

Answer 39

what is an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Question 40

hormone that stimulates milk production in the breast following pregnancy and birth

Answer 40

what is prolactin (PRL)?

Question 41

hormones that both exert their influence on the male and female gonads (also referred to as gonadotropins)

Answer 41

what are follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH)?

Question 42

hormone that stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin, thereby darkening the skin

Answer 42

what are melanocyte-stimulating hormones?

Question 43

the master gland

Answer 43

what is the pituitary gland sometimes referred to as?

Question 44

hormone that promotes water reabsorption by the kidney tubules

Answer 44

what is the antidiuretic hormone?

Question 45

hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor and delivery, and after birth, the release of the mammary glands

Answer 45

what is oxytocin?

Question 46

gland that uses iodine to produce hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Answer 46

what is the thyroid gland?

Question 47

hormone that is released by the thyroid gland in response to hypercalcemia (too high blood calcium level)

Answer 47

what is calcitonin?

Question 48

endocrine gland that is also associated with the immune system is...

Answer 48

thymus gland

Question 49

set of symptoms caused by excessive levels of cortisol due to high doses of corticosteroid drugs`

Answer 49

what is Cushing's syndrome?

Question 50

development of male secondary sexual characteristics in a female

Answer 50

what is adrenal virilism?

Question 51

development of female secondary sexual characteristics in a male

Answer 51

what is adrenal feminization?

Question 52

disease named by Thomas Addison; results from deficiency in adrenocortical hormones

Answer 52

what is Addison's disease?