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Biology 111 > Test 5 > Flashcards

Test 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is considered the 1st genetic material?

Why?

A

RNA

Can act as enzyme
Replicate on its own
Enzyme transcribes into DNA

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2
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes

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3
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

A

1) coccus - spherical
2) bacillus - rod shaped
3) spirullum - spiral or cork

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4
Q

What are 2 differences between neg and pos staining bacteria?

A

Positive - purple and thick

Negative - pink and thin

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5
Q

Characteristics of an animal

A 
Eukaryotic 
Multicellular 
Heterophobic 
Nutrients / ingestion 
Reproduce sexually 
Some embryonic stages 
Movement
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6
Q

Name 2 places where life might evolved

A

Hydrothermal vents

Meteors

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7
Q

Name the period: early soft bodied animals

A

Precambrian

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8
Q

Name the period: animal explosion

A

Cambrian

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9
Q

Name the period: 1st vertebrates

A

Ordovician

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10
Q

Name the period: jawed fish

A

Silurian

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11
Q

Name the period: age of the fishes

A

Devonian

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12
Q

Name the period: age of reptiles

A

Jurassic

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13
Q

Name the period: coal deposits

A

Carboniferous

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14
Q

Name the period: Amniotic egg 1st appeared

A

Permian

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15
Q

Name the period: early reptiles

A

Permian

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16
Q

Name the period: Age of mammals

A

Tertiary

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17
Q

Name the period: 1st humans

A

Cenozoic

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18
Q

What are some positive uses for bacteria?

A

Make yogurt, alcohol, bread, cheese, break down waste, aid in plant usage of nitrogen and breaking it down

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19
Q

Name the phyla: asymmetrical

A

Porifera

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20
Q

Name the phyla: 1st true organs and bilateral symmetry

A

Platyhelminthes

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21
Q

Name the phyla: 1st true tissues and radial symmetry

A

Cnidaria

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22
Q

Name the phyla: evolutionary dead end

A

Porifera

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23
Q

Name the phyla: cellular level of organization

A

Porifera

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24
Q

Name the phyla: 1st complete digestive tract

A

Nematoda

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25
Q

Name the phyla: closed circulatory system and segmentation

A

Annelida

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26
Q

Name the phyla: jointed legs

A

Anthropoda

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27
Q

Name the phyla: 1st deuterostome

A

Echinodermata

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28
Q

What is the main difference between a deuterostome and a protostome

A

Deuterostome: has the first invagination becoming the anus and has a straight cell division
Protostome: first invagination becoming the mouth and has a spiral cell division

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29
Q

What phyla divides it classes by feet?

A

Mollusca

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30
Q

What are Gastropods

A

Stomach footed – snails and slugs

31
Q

What are Cephalopods

A

Head footed – squid and octopus

32
Q

What is a radula

A

A toothy tongue which Mollusca have

33
Q

Why are echinoderms close to chordates

A

Because they are deuterostome and their larva form are bilateral.

34
Q

Define : Porifera

A

Pore bearing

35
Q

Define : cnidarian

A

Stinging cells

36
Q

Define : Arthropoda

A

Jointed legs

37
Q

Define : amphibian

A

Double life

38
Q

What are characteristics of a chordate

A

Post anal tail, pharyngeal pouches, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord

39
Q

Are all cordates vertebrates

A

No, tunicates and lacelets are chordates and do not have vertebra

40
Q

What were the first vertebrates

A

Agnathans - jawless fish

41
Q

Name the class : jawed with cartilage and backbones

A

Chondrichthyes

42
Q

Name the class : bony fish

A

Osteichthyes

43
Q

Name the class : eardrums, eyelids and voicebox and 4 legs

A

Amphibia

44
Q

Name the class : 1st endotherm

A

Aves

45
Q

Name the class : 1st to live on land and have internal reproduction

A

Reptilla

46
Q

Name the class : hair and mammary glands

A

Mammals

47
Q

Name the class : fly

A

Aves

48
Q

What was early life like?

A

Different, atmosphere had little oxygen, earthquakes, uv radiation along with asteroids, comets and meteorites

49
Q

What are some characteristics that allow birds to fly?

A

Hollow bones, lobed lungs, females with one ovary, large breastbone with very strong muscles, feathers.

50
Q

Did all birds evolve from non flight birds? Explain.

A

No, all birds evolved from birds of flight. Flightless birds found it easier to not fly with their environment. Still retain wings.

51
Q

Did all mammals evolve from sea mammals? Explain.

A

No, sea mammals evolved from land mammals. They preferred the equator environment. They still have leg and arm
Bones in their fins.

52
Q

3 characteristics of mammals

A

Bond with young. Hair. Mammary glands.

53
Q

3 types of mammals

A

Monotremes – egg layers.
Marsupials – young develops in pouch.
Eutherians – young develop in uterus

54
Q

First to use fire

A

Homo erectus

55
Q

First to stand upright

A

Probably ardipithecus – definitely Australopithecus

56
Q

First to bury dead

A

Neanderthal

57
Q

Have culture and music

A

Cro magnon

58
Q

First to hunt?

A

Homo erectus

59
Q

First to have a home base?

A

Homo erectus

60
Q

First to use tools?

A

Homo habilis

61
Q

What are the characteristics of the genus homo?

A

Small and uniform teeth, flat face, brain case 600 cc or more, make and use tools

62
Q

What are some characteristics that allow

Man to be bipedal

A

Wider and shorter pelvis, toes are straight, foreman magnum directly under skull, curved spine

63
Q

Who was Lucy? Dryopithecus

A

Australopithecus afranesis – dryopithecus was thought to be an ancestor of all
Hominoids

64
Q

What are some reasons we became bipedal?

A

Cooler, easier to reach food, watch for predators in grasslands, carry food

65
Q

What are some characteristics of a primate?

A

Eyes in front, prehensile hands, color vision, one birth at a time, larger brain, mobile limbs, nails instead of claws

66
Q

Define anthropoid

A

Money, apes, and humans

67
Q

Define hominoid (hominid)

A

Apes and humans

68
Q

Define Hominin

A

Bipedal walkers

69
Q

We become flat faced at what expense?

A

Loss of smell

70
Q

Explain what 2 theories of evolution for man?

A

Multi regional continuity hypothesis – evolved out of Africa and went in different directions, interbreed and evolved

71
Q

Most early primates lived where?

A

Arboreal – in trees

72
Q

What is the difference between a flatworm and a earthworm

A

Flatworm: not segments, and no closed circulatory system and from the phylum Nematoda

Earthworm: segmented, closed circulatory system and phylum Annelida

73
Q

Why is ardipithecus special?

A

It is believed to be the first biped. He has some ape and human characteristics

Biology 111 (2 decks)

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