Test 5 Flashcards by Nick Propst

What is considered the 1st genetic material?

Why?

RNA

Can act as enzyme
Replicate on its own
Enzyme transcribes into DNA

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What are the 3 domains?

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes

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What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

1) coccus - spherical
2) bacillus - rod shaped
3) spirullum - spiral or cork

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What are 2 differences between neg and pos staining bacteria?

Positive - purple and thick

Negative - pink and thin

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Characteristics of an animal

Eukaryotic 
Multicellular 
Heterophobic 
Nutrients / ingestion 
Reproduce sexually 
Some embryonic stages 
Movement

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Name 2 places where life might evolved

Hydrothermal vents

Meteors

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Name the period: early soft bodied animals

Precambrian

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Name the period: animal explosion

Cambrian

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Name the period: 1st vertebrates

Ordovician

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Name the period: jawed fish

Silurian

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Name the period: age of the fishes

Devonian

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Name the period: age of reptiles

Jurassic

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Name the period: coal deposits

Carboniferous

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Name the period: Amniotic egg 1st appeared

Permian

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Name the period: early reptiles

Permian

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Name the period: Age of mammals

Tertiary

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Name the period: 1st humans

Cenozoic

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What are some positive uses for bacteria?

Make yogurt, alcohol, bread, cheese, break down waste, aid in plant usage of nitrogen and breaking it down

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Name the phyla: asymmetrical

Porifera

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Name the phyla: 1st true organs and bilateral symmetry

Platyhelminthes

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Name the phyla: 1st true tissues and radial symmetry

Cnidaria

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Name the phyla: evolutionary dead end

Porifera

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Name the phyla: cellular level of organization

Porifera

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Name the phyla: 1st complete digestive tract

Nematoda

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Name the phyla: closed circulatory system and segmentation

Annelida

Name the phyla: jointed legs

Anthropoda

Name the phyla: 1st deuterostome

Echinodermata

What is the main difference between a deuterostome and a protostome

Deuterostome: has the first invagination becoming the anus and has a straight cell division Protostome: first invagination becoming the mouth and has a spiral cell division

What phyla divides it classes by feet?

Mollusca

What are Gastropods

Stomach footed -- snails and slugs

What are Cephalopods

Head footed -- squid and octopus

What is a radula

A toothy tongue which Mollusca have

Why are echinoderms close to chordates

Because they are deuterostome and their larva form are bilateral.

Define : Porifera

Pore bearing

Define : cnidarian

Stinging cells

Define : Arthropoda

Jointed legs

Define : amphibian

Double life

What are characteristics of a chordate

Post anal tail, pharyngeal pouches, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord

Are all cordates vertebrates

No, tunicates and lacelets are chordates and do not have vertebra

What were the first vertebrates

Agnathans - jawless fish

Name the class : jawed with cartilage and backbones

Chondrichthyes

Name the class : bony fish

Osteichthyes

Name the class : eardrums, eyelids and voicebox and 4 legs

Amphibia

Name the class : 1st endotherm

Aves

Name the class : 1st to live on land and have internal reproduction

Reptilla

Name the class : hair and mammary glands

Mammals

Name the class : fly

Aves

What was early life like?

Different, atmosphere had little oxygen, earthquakes, uv radiation along with asteroids, comets and meteorites

What are some characteristics that allow birds to fly?

Hollow bones, lobed lungs, females with one ovary, large breastbone with very strong muscles, feathers.

Did all birds evolve from non flight birds? Explain.

No, all birds evolved from birds of flight. Flightless birds found it easier to not fly with their environment. Still retain wings.

Did all mammals evolve from sea mammals? Explain.

No, sea mammals evolved from land mammals. They preferred the equator environment. They still have leg and arm Bones in their fins.

3 characteristics of mammals

Bond with young. Hair. Mammary glands.

3 types of mammals

Monotremes -- egg layers. Marsupials -- young develops in pouch. Eutherians -- young develop in uterus

First to use fire

Homo erectus

First to stand upright

Probably ardipithecus -- definitely Australopithecus

First to bury dead

Neanderthal

Have culture and music

Cro magnon

First to hunt?

Homo erectus

First to have a home base?

Homo erectus

First to use tools?

Homo habilis

What are the characteristics of the genus homo?

Small and uniform teeth, flat face, brain case 600 cc or more, make and use tools

What are some characteristics that allow | Man to be bipedal

Wider and shorter pelvis, toes are straight, foreman magnum directly under skull, curved spine

Who was Lucy? Dryopithecus

Australopithecus afranesis -- dryopithecus was thought to be an ancestor of all Hominoids

What are some reasons we became bipedal?

Cooler, easier to reach food, watch for predators in grasslands, carry food

What are some characteristics of a primate?

Eyes in front, prehensile hands, color vision, one birth at a time, larger brain, mobile limbs, nails instead of claws

Define anthropoid

Money, apes, and humans

Define hominoid (hominid)

Apes and humans

Define Hominin

Bipedal walkers

We become flat faced at what expense?

Loss of smell

Explain what 2 theories of evolution for man?

Multi regional continuity hypothesis -- evolved out of Africa and went in different directions, interbreed and evolved

Most early primates lived where?

Arboreal -- in trees

What is the difference between a flatworm and a earthworm

Flatworm: not segments, and no closed circulatory system and from the phylum Nematoda Earthworm: segmented, closed circulatory system and phylum Annelida

Why is ardipithecus special?

It is believed to be the first biped. He has some ape and human characteristics