Test 3 Flashcards by Nick Propst

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Offspring genetically the same
Environment changes
Population dies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Advantages of asexual reproduction

No mate
Reproduce when sessile
Multiply quickly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Creation of offspring
Genetic variability
Better survival

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Needs mate

Takes time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sperm

Define and give function

Male gamete

Testes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Egg

Define and give function

Female gamete

Ovaries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FSH

Where is it produced?
What does it do in male?
Female?

Follicle stimulation hormone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is it produced?
What does it do in male?
Female?

Lutenizing hormone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Withdrawal

Define and How does it work?

The withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation.

Ineffective

Sperm is present even before ejaculation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhythm method or Family planning

Define and how does it work?

No intercourse during fertile period.
Difficult : ovulation time unknown.
High failure rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pill

Define and how does it work

Hormones released into female body (estrogen/progesterone)

Most effective

Different forms and dosages

Thickens cervical mucous. Prevents ovulation.
Prevents fertilization. Must take same time every day.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The mini pill

Define an how does it work

Not quite as effective as the “pill”

Less hormones (progestogen)

Thickens cervical mucous. Prevents ovulation. Thins uterine lining. Need prescription. Good for wan who cannot take the pill.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Deprovera (drop-provera)

Define and how does it work?

3 month shot. Releases high levels of progesterone. Stops ovulation. Thins uterine lining. Thickens cervical mucous.
Need prescription. Have to get it every 3 months.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Norplant

Define and how does it work?

6 tiny silicone rods. They get implanted under skin. 24 hours of progestin released. You can leave it in as long as 5 years. May cause skin irritation. Works the same as the mini pill

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

zygote

structure after fertilization of sperm and egg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Morula

ball of 16-32 cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

blastula

stage of development when the structure is a fluid filled ball

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gastrula

stage of development when the structure is undergoing gastrulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

neurula

stage of development when the structure is undergoing neurulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gastrulation

formation of 3 germ layers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

neurulation

when the nervous system forms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

implantation

when the blastocyst implants in the uterine lining

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ovary

female reproductive structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

follicle

glandular sac that contains ova in ovary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

corpus luteum

leftover follicle after ovulation that produces progesterone

fimbriae

finger like projections that pull egg into ovaduct

uterus

muscular structure where embryo/fetus develops

endometrium

inner lining of uterus

clitoris

structure with the erectile tissue in females

vulva

all the outer female reproductive structures

urethra

tube that carries urine

labia minora

fatty folds around vulva

labia major

outer folds around vulva

vagina

birth canal

testes

male reproductive organ

penis

male copulatory organ

vasdeferens

tube that carries sperm from epididymus to urethra

seminal vessicles

gland that provides food for sperm

seminiferous tubules

tube for sperm, are produced in testes

bulbourethral gland

gland that produces alkaline solution for sperm

prostate

gland that produces alkaline solution for semen

scrotum

sac that holds testes

ovulation

egg (secondary oocyte leaves the ovary)

menstration

sloughing of the endometrium

embryo

after cleavage occurs (8-9 weeks)

fetus

after 9 weeks to birth

semen

fluid that contains alkaline solutions

ejaculation

semen is voided from urethra

gametogenesis

formation of gametes

spermatogenesis

formation of sperm

oogenesis

formation of eggs

cleavage

cell division without growth

apoptosis

programed cell death

induction

when a group of cells influences development of other structures

hCG

embryo - maintains uterine lining until placenta is born

Oxycontin

placenta/uterine walls - helps with contractions

4 sperm 1 egg 3 polar bodies

implantation

6 days after fertilization

trimesters of pregnancy

1st - structures are formed 2nd - structures are refined 3rd - prepares for birth

virus

herpes human papoloma HIV

bacteria

clamydia syphallis ghonorrhea

fungal

candida

protozoan

trichomoniasis

virus

genetic material inside a protein coat

allele

alternate form of a gene

gene

section of chromosome that codes for a protein

heterozygous

different alleles

homozygous

same alleles

dominant

allele that is always expressed

recessive

need both alleles to be expressed

genotype

what are the alleles

phenotype

physical appearance

parents

kids

grandkids

incomplete dominance

when heterozygous is in between or a mixture of dominant or recessive traits

co dominance

where there is more than 1 allele that is dominant - blood type

Pleio trophy

single trait causes many phenotypes

carrier

carries recessive trait

antigen

protein on the surface of a cell

antibody

protein in the blood plasma

epistasis

when a gene prevents the expression of another gene

barrbody

inactive x chromosome in a female

X inactivation

one of the x chromosomes in a fetus turns off early in embryonic development

polygenic

more than one gene contributes to a physical trait

multi factorial

when environment effects a trait