Test 5 (3.1 - 3.4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Any trembling or shaking of the earth’s crust is defined as what?

A

earthquake

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2
Q

Earthquakes sometimes cause monstrous waves called…

A

tsunamis

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3
Q

The place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake

A

epicenter

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4
Q

A break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock

A

fault

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5
Q

The point underground where an earthquake begins

A

focus

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6
Q

What allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth?

A

a volcano

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7
Q

The strength of an earthquake is called what?

A

magnitude

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8
Q

What is created when trapped gases blast through the earth’s surface?

A

a vent

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9
Q

What occurs when natural acids slowly eat into a rock, breaking it apart?

A

chemical weathering

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10
Q

The temperature of rocks will increase or decrease with depth?

A

increase

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11
Q

Be able to identify and list characteristics of various types of volcanoes

A

shield, cinder cone, composite

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12
Q

The study of earthquakes

A

seismology

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13
Q

scientists who study the structure of the earth

A

geologists

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14
Q

the underwater mountain ranges

A

mid-oceanic ridges

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15
Q

the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces

A

weathering

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16
Q

the boundary between the earth’s crust and its mantle

A

Moho or Mohorovicic discontinuity

17
Q

Magma that has reached the earth’s surface

A

lava

18
Q

Smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly

A

tephra

19
Q

Running along the edge of the Pacific Ocean - name of the many volcanoes

A

Ring of Fire

20
Q

Holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases

A

fumaroles

21
Q

A depression found at the top of a volcano

A

crater

22
Q

Be able to write a paragraph - using complete sentences - describing the three main sections of the earth

A

The crust is the outermost layer of the earth. It is quite thin compared to other layers. The mantle, the middle layer, makes up the largest portion of the earth’s interior; it is made of solid rock. The core is the innermost region of the earth. It is divided into two sections - the (liquid) outer core and the (solid) inner core, which are made up of metals rather than rock.