Test 5 (3.1 - 3.4) Flashcards
Any trembling or shaking of the earth’s crust is defined as what?
earthquake
Earthquakes sometimes cause monstrous waves called…
tsunamis
The place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake
epicenter
A break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock
fault
The point underground where an earthquake begins
focus
What allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth?
a volcano
The strength of an earthquake is called what?
magnitude
What is created when trapped gases blast through the earth’s surface?
a vent
What occurs when natural acids slowly eat into a rock, breaking it apart?
chemical weathering
The temperature of rocks will increase or decrease with depth?
increase
Be able to identify and list characteristics of various types of volcanoes
shield, cinder cone, composite
The study of earthquakes
seismology
scientists who study the structure of the earth
geologists
the underwater mountain ranges
mid-oceanic ridges
the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces
weathering
the boundary between the earth’s crust and its mantle
Moho or Mohorovicic discontinuity
Magma that has reached the earth’s surface
lava
Smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly
tephra
Running along the edge of the Pacific Ocean - name of the many volcanoes
Ring of Fire
Holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases
fumaroles
A depression found at the top of a volcano
crater
Be able to write a paragraph - using complete sentences - describing the three main sections of the earth
The crust is the outermost layer of the earth. It is quite thin compared to other layers. The mantle, the middle layer, makes up the largest portion of the earth’s interior; it is made of solid rock. The core is the innermost region of the earth. It is divided into two sections - the (liquid) outer core and the (solid) inner core, which are made up of metals rather than rock.
