Test 5 Flashcards
_______ consist of the strategies and goals that guide a nations relations with other countries and groups in the world ***
Foreign Policy
The specific strategies that make up the US foreign policy from year to year change in response to what?
changes in the international environment
The long term goals of foreign policy remain ______ reflecting both the nations ideals and its self-interest
constant
The principal goal of American foreign policy is to what?
preserve the security of the US
_______ means protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers***
National Security
In today’s global economy ____ ______ means more than military defense
national security
Maintaining trade with other nations and preserving access to necessary natural resources have also been basic goals of US ______ _________.
foreign policy
Generally the US supports trade that is free from both what?
export and import restrictions
American leaders also work for ___ ____ bc they believe it helps the nation avoid outside conflicts and aids national security
world peace
The US tries to help other nations settle ____ and has also supplied ______ to at risk countries***
disputes, economic aid
The rise of ______ ________, along with direct terrorist attacks, have made the goal of the world peace an even a greater challenge.
Terrorist groups
The US aids the democratic nations and helps others create ____________. IE. S.korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afgan
democratic political systems
The US has responded by providing food, medical supplies, and technical assistance for ________ reasons.
humanitarian
US’s aid serves the strategic interests of the US by maintaining _____ _______ in the world.
political stability
Until the late 1800s, ________________ was based on isolationism.
American foreign policy
_______ the avoidance of involvement in world affairs***
Isolationism
When ____________ became president in 1789, the US was a small nation in deep debt.
George Washington
In 1823 President James Monroe announced a new foreign policy known as the __________.
Monroe Doctrine
US began to look for __________- for its products and for new sources of raw materials.
world markets
For some gov. leaders, __________no longer fits the US role as an economic power.
Isolationism
The US leaders of the time believed that the nation needed to expand and acquire a _______ empire.
Colonial empire
In 1898 the US fought the _______ ________ _______***.
Spanish American War
As a result, the US acquired __________, ___________, and ___________
Philippine Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.
The US was now a major power in the ___________ as well as the Pacific region and East Asia.
Caribbean
When _____________ began in Europe in 1914, isolationist sentiment in the US was still strong.
World War l
When World War ll began in 1939, the US officially remained _______.
Neutral
The Japanese attack on _________ in 1941, however, drew the US into war.
Pearl Harbor
Since WWll , US foreign policy has been based on __________.***
internationalism
The US emerged from WWll as a leader of the __________ of the world.
free nations
US gov leaders viewed the power of the ____________ as a threat to national security.
soviet union
Between 1945 and 1949, the soviet union established control of the eastern ________ countries
European
In 1949 Chinese Communist seized ______.
China
The communist takeovers in these nations convinced _____ _______ that they must halt the communist aggression.
American Leaders
The _______ ______ was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war
Cold War
With the threat of expanding communism, the US drew upon the ideas of ____________, an American diplomat and expert on Soviet history and culture.
George F. Kenan
_____________ was the policy designed to keep the Soviet Union from expanding its powers.***
Containment
American also tried to stop the spread of communism by giving economic aid to nations they said were threatened by _____________.
totalitarian regimes
President Harry Truman announced what later became known as the _______ _________.
Truman Doctrine
Months later the ___________ ______ provided badly needed economic aid for war-torn Europe.***
Marshall Plan
Cold War tensions and fears also led to an ________ _____
Arms Race
The Cold War policy of containment drew to the US into two wars: _________, ___________***
Korea, Vietnam
In the _______ _____ the US aided pro-american South Korea when it was invaded by communist North Korea.
Korean War
Truman the invasion of South Korea as ________ by the Soviet Union and send american troops their under UN sponsorship.
Expanionism
In the ______ _______ , the US committed troops for many years to fight on the side of the South Vietnamese gov against Communist N. Vietnam.
Vietnam War
In 1989 the _____ ______ dividing communist east Germany from the democratic west Germany was torn down by demonstrators.
Berlin Wall
_____ called on US to stay involved in world politics to protect American trade interests, encourage democracy, and advance human rights.
Policymakers
In 1990 Iraq’s leader Saddam Hussein, invaded neighboring ______ threatening Eastern ____ supplies***
Kuwait, oil
These actions included a program of inspections aimed at preventing Iraq from developing ______________.
Weapons of Mass Destruction
During the 1990’s Saddam kept tension high by failing to cooperate with UN- mandated inspections.
d
Throughout the 1990’s President ______ sent US forces to several places in attempts to maintain political order and to protect humanitarian interests
Clinton
In 1992 american troops join a multi-nation force in _______ to protect organizations operating during a civil war.
Somalia
In 1994 american troops preserved order in _____ when their president was forced to flee the country.
Haiti
In 1995 american and NATO allies intervened to end _________ _________ among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims resulting from the breakup of the former Yugoslavia.
ethnic warfare
In 1999, American and NATO air power and troops forced _______ ________ to withdraw from the Yugoslavian province of Kosovo.
Serbian troops
The FBI and intelligence sources identified the attack as the work of _________, a global network of Islamic terrorists whose leaders were based in Afghanistan.
Al-Qaeda
President _______ quickly announced that a war on terrorism would become the focus of his administration.
Bush
The Bush administrations framework states that preemption should replace containment and deterrence as the foundation _______ _________.
American Strategy
___________ means that the US will strike first with military force against any terrorist groups or rogue states that might threaten the nation with weapons of mass destruction.
Preemption
President Bush applied _______ in March 2003 when the US and a coalition of others removed the government of Saddam.
preemption
In December ______, ________ would be captured.***
2003 Saddam
The farmers of the Constitution attempted to divide the responsibility for foreign affairs between the _____ and _______.
President and Congress
The president derives power to formulate foreign policy from two sources: 1. _____ 2._____
- constitution lists certain presidential powers related to foreign policy 2. The president functions as an important world leader
The _________ grants the president the power to be the commander in chief of the nations military forces.
Constitution
The president can make decisions such as send troops, planes, etc.. without ______________.
Congressional approval
In _______ __________ grants the president certain diplomatic powers.
Article ll, section 2
By receiving an ambassador, the president gives formal __________.
recognition
Refusing to send an ambassador, the president cam withhold _______ ________ of a foreign gov.
diplomatic recognition
Recognition of a gov is vital for ______ _______.
economic aid
Artical ll, Section 2 gives the president power to make ______.
Treaties
A ________ is a formal agreement between the gov of two or more nations.
Treaty
Two Cabinet members _________ and _________. And all they deal with is foreign policy.***
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of State
The ________ of ________ supervises all the diplomatic activities of the American gov.
Secretary of State
The secretary of State carries on the _______ at the highest level.
Diplomacy
Secretary of State travels to foreign capitals for important negotiations with heads of state and represents the US at a major international conference.
f
The _______ of _______ supervises the military activities of the US gov.***
Secretary of Defense
The president receives information and advice from the Secretary of Defense on the nations military forces, weapons and bases.
f
The national security adviser is the director of the _____ plays a major roles in foreign affairs.***
National Security Council (NSC)
__________ was the first woman to be chosen as national security council.
Dr. Condoleezza Rice
The task of gathering and coordinating this info is primarily the responsibility of the ________.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
The ________ established the CIA and defined its duties in 1947.
National Security Act
Today the CIA under the direction of the ____________, coordinates the intelligence activities of other agencies.
National Security Council
The ______ also safeguards top secret information and conducts intelligence operations that the council authorizes.
CIA
Critics of the _____ have questioned the agency’s efficiency.
CIA
Inefficiency was the most evident after the CIA failed to protect Iraq’s invasion of ______ in 1990.
Kuwait
The collapse of the ________ during 1991 caught the CIA by surprise.
Soviet Union
It is the _______ who determines what policies are to be followed.
president
The _______ gives congress significate foreign policy powers. powers to ______ and appropriate _______.
Constitution, declare war, money
The constitution balances the _________________ as commander in chief by gathering congress the power to declare war.
presidents powers
________ has exercised its power to declare war only five times in our nation’s history.
Congress
5 declarations of War in our nations history.***
War of 1812, 1846 against Mexico, 1898 against Spain, 1917 against Germany, 1941 against Japan, Germany, and Italy.
Instead of requesting a formal declaration of war, presidents have asked congress to pass a join resolution concerning the use of American troops.
q
Congress passed the _________ in Vietnam to authorize the president “ to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US’’
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Congress tried to check the president’s power to send troops into combat by passing the ___________.***
War Powers Act in 1973
_________ declared that the president could not send troops into combat for more than 60 days without the consent of Congress.***
War Powers Act
Congress must authorize funds for ______ and foreign aid each year.They also may refuse to provide _______ to other nations.***
defense, fund for aid
The Constitution also gives the Senate the power of “_________'’on all treaties
advice and consent
The president may make treaties with foreign gov. but _____ ‘s votes of the Senate must ratify them
2/3s
________ Agreements are pacts between the president and the head of a foreign government that have the legal status of treaties but do not require Senate approval.***
Executive Agreeements
Today the _________ make up more than ___ % of all the US international agreements.***
Executive agreements ,90%
Under US law the president may grant ____________ status to trading partners.***
most-favored-nation (MFN)
By a ___s vote congress may overturn the presidents decision to grant MFN
2/3s
In ___, China was granted permanent MFN status
China
Over the past several decades, the president’s foreign policies have enjoyed ______________.
bipartisan congressional support.
______ means two party.
Bipartisan
The president has advantages over congress in conducting foreign policy.
1
- Only the president - or a chosen spokesperson such as the secretary of state- can speak for the nation in dealings with other nations.
2
- The president controls those agencies, Dept. of State and the National Secretary Council, that help formulate and carry out foreign policy on a day to day basis.
3
- The president is able to take quick and decisive action
4
- By using ___________, the president can bypass the Senate when making agreements with other nations.***
executive agreements
The President and Congress have the major responsibility for making ___________, and are often influenced by the opinions of the American people
foreign policy
_____ from interest groups can also effect foreign policy.
Pressure
_________ right issues can have a substantial impact on legislation that effects their areas of interest.
Human right
The _________, is one of the smallest cabinet position in terms of employees, yet they carry out foreign policy.***
Dept. of State
The _________, is the largest of all executive department in the executive branch in terms of money spent and people employed.***
Dept. of Defense
The __________, was created by congress in 1789, and was the first executive department.***
Dept of state
Dept of state was originally known as the _________.***
Dept of foreign affairs
The _______ is generally considered to be the most important member of the cabinet, ranking just below the president and VP.***
secretary of state
The secretary of state is the _ in line for presidential succession John Kerry is now the SOS who is D
4th
Six assistant secretaries direct the six geographical bureaus of the state dept:_____ _______ ______ ______ _____ ________.***
Bureau of African Affairs, European and Eurasian Affairs, East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Western Hemisphere Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, and South Asian Affairs
Officials who are assigned to serve abroad in foreign countries belong to _________.
foreign service
_________ usually spend several years abroad in a diplomatic post.
Foreign Service Officers (FSOs)
FSO’s are normally assigned either to an __________ or to an ________.
american embassy , american consulate
The us maintains_____ in the capital cities of foreign countries.
embassies
An embassy includes the official residence and offices of the _______ and his/her staff
ambassador
The primary function of an embassy is to make__________ between government easier.***
diplomatic communication
Currently the state department directs the work of over _____ american embassies and consulates
200
An ambassador heads each american embassy
ambassador
An ambassador is appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the ______.
Senate
The specialties help resolve disputes that arise between the host country and the US
b
In major disagreements, governments may break off diplomatic relations by closing their embassies, this ranks as the strongest sign of displeasure one government can show to another.
b
The US also maintains offices known as _____ in major cities of foreign nations.
consulates
They function primarily to promote American business interests in foreign countries and to serve and safeguard American travelers in the countries where consulates are located.
b
For americans traveling abroad, the State Department issues a document called a _____.
passport
A ____ is a special document issued by the government of the country that a person wishes to enter.
Visa
The DOD assists the president in carrying out the duties of _______
commander in chief
Before 1947 the ___________ and the _______ were responsible for the nation’s defense
Departments of War and the Navy
After WWll and military reorganization, the National Security Establishment was founded and two years later became the DOD
b
The DOD is the same as Depts of War and the Navy
b
In order to maintain civilian control of the military, the top leaders of the DOD all are required to be citizens.
b
The ____ is the largest executive department
DOD
The DOD’s headquarters is the ______.
pentagon
The US marine corps, under the jurisdiction of the Navy, maintains its own leadership, identity and traditions
b
The President, the National Security Council, and the Sec of defense rely on the Joint Chiefs of staff for military advice.
b
The Join Chiefs of Staff is a six member group
Chief of Staff of the Army, Air Force, Navy
The _____ is appointed for a two-year term by the president.
Chairman
The US has two methods of staffing its armed forces:
Conscription- or compulsory military service, Volunteers
Since 1980 all young men on there 18th bday have to sign up for the _____
draft
