Mini Immigration Test 2 Flashcards
The U.S citizenship and immigration services, is a _____________________, administrative most of the key steps to the naturalization process.
bureau of the department of Homeland Security
Immigrants who want to become citizens must meet five requirements:
- Applicants must have entered the US legally
- They must be good moral character
- They must declare their support of the american government
- They must read and right english
Draft evaders, military deserters, polygamists, anarchists, communists, or followers of any other totalitarian system will be _________.
denied of citizenship
An applicant requesting citizenship must be at least ________________________________________.
18 years old, lived in the US as a lawfully admitted resident alien for 30 months of the previous 5 years..
Have lived in the state where the petition is filed for at least __ months
3
If married to a US citizen he or she needs __ years of residency before filling
3
_________ is a process by which members of a whole group of people, living in the same geographic area, become American citizenship through an act of congress
Collective naturalization
Congress has used collective naturalization five times
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase
- 1819 purchase of Florida
- Republic of Texas was admitted to the Union in 1845
- Hawaii in 1900
- residents of puerto rico in 1917
In ______ Congress decided that the citizenship guarantees of the ____ amendment would not apply to Native Americans
.1868 and 14th
Only the federal gov. can both grant and take away ______
citizenship
Americans can lose their citizenship in any of three ways
Through expatriation, By being convicted of certain crimes, through denaturalization
The simplest way to lose citizenship is through ________ or giving up ones citizenship by leaving ones native country to live in a foreign country.
Expatriatism
_____ may be voluntary or involuntary
Expatriatism
A person may loose their citizenship when convicted of certain federal crimes that involve extreme disloyalty
.
Crimes include treason, participation in a rebellion, and attempts to overthrow the gov. through violent means.
.
The loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process is called _______***
denaturalization
_________ could also occur if an individual joins in a communist or totalitarian organization less than five years after becoming citizens
denaturalization
Respect for the law is crucial in modern society, but this respect depends on knowledge of the ___.
law
The american ideal of citizenship has always stressed each citizenships responsibility to participate in political life
.
The most common way a citizen participates in political life as by
Voting
_____ is also an important way to express faith in one’s political systems.
Voting
A major challenge for any political systems and mainly democratic systems is _______
crime and criminals
A ____ is an against the law of the state. May harm an individual or a persons property.
crime
To protect the innocent, the __ amendment guarantees “the right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures”
4th
Before ___ , ___ states had search laws that permitted police to enter a home without a warrant if they had probable cause to believe that the occupant had committed a felony
1980, 23 states
A _____ is a major crime.
felony
The police do not need a ____ to search and arrest a person they see breaking the law.
warrant
_____ v. _______ the court established the exclusionary rule.
weeks v. US
The ___________ states that any illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in federal court.
exclusionary rule
In the ______ v. _____ the court ruled that as long as the police act in good faith when they request a warrant, the evidence they collect may be used in court even if the warrant in defective.
US v. Leon
In the _____ case a judge had made a mistake by issuing a warrant based on probable cause that later was found to be invalid.
Leon
That same year, in 1984 the Court also approved an “_______” exception to the exclusionary rule.
“inevitable discovery”
In ___ v. ____ the Court held that evidence obtained in violation of defendants rights can be used at trial.
Nix v. Williams
The ______ , however, must be show that the evidence would have been eventually discovered by legal means.
prosecutor
the police are free to search an automobile and the containers within it where they have _____ to believe contraband or evidence contained.
probable cause
____ amendment protections may be limited inside high schools***
4th
In ____ v. ____ the supreme court ruled that school officials o not need warrants or probable cause to search students or their property.***
New Jersey v. T.L.O
All that is needed are reasonable grounds to believe a search will uncover ______ that a student has broken school rules.
evidence
In 1995 the court upheld in ________ v. ______mandatory suspicion-less drug tests for all students participating in interscholastic athletics
Vernon School District v. Action
In 1968 Congress passed the _________ which required federal, state and local authorities to obtain in a court order for most wiretaps
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act
In 1978 Congress passed the __________, requiring a court order even for wiretapping and bugging in national security cases.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
The ___ amendment guarantees a defendant the right “to have the assistance of counsel for his defense”
6th
The supreme court first dealt with the right to counsel in state courts in ____ v. ______in 1932
Powell v. Al.
Ten years later in ____ v. ____ the court held that states did not have to provide a lawyer in cases not involving the death penalty.
Betts v. Brady
In _____, Clarence Earl Gideon won a landmark case that ended the Betts rule
1963
In 1963 in a unanimous verdict the Court overruled Betts v. Brady
.
_____ was released and retried with a lawyer assisting him and acquitted.
Gideon
Hundreds of other Florida prisoners and thousands more in other states who had been convicted without counsel were also set free.
.
The court has since extended the ____ decision by ruling that whenever a jail sentence of 6 months or more is possible punishment the accused has the right to a lawyer at the public expense from the time of the arrest through the appeals.
Gideon
The __ amendment says that no one “shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself”
5th
The Courts have interpreted this amendment’s protection against _______ to cover witness before congressional committees and grand juries as well as defendants in criminal cases.
self-incrimination
In 1964 the court reversed Escobedo’s conviction, ruling that Escobedo’s ___ amendment right to remain silent and his ___ amendment right to an attorney had been violated.
5th and 6th amendments
A confession or other incriminating statements an accused person makes when he or she is denied access to a lawyer may not be used in trial.
.
In march 1963 Ernesto Miranda had been arrested and convicted for the rape and kidnapping of an 18 yr old woman.
.
During questioning Miranda was not told he could remain silent or have a lawyer
.
Miranda confessed, signed a statement admitting and describing the crime, was convicted, and then appealed
.
The court ruled that the __ amendment against self incrimination requires suspects be clearly informed of their rights before police question them
5th
The guidelines that police use before questioning of suspects are now known as ________.
Miranda rights
The __ amendment forbids “Cruel and unusual punishment”
8th
The __ amendment states in part than no person shall be “twice put in jeopardy of life and limb”
5th
______ means a person may not be tried twice for the same crime, thus protecting people from continual harassment.
Double Jeopardy
In ___ v. _____ in 1976 the court ruled that under adequate guidelines the death penalty does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment
Gregg v. Georgia
