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test 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What two components are major factors in determining climates?

A

Temperature and precipitation

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2
Q

What are the basic features of the Tropical climates

A
  • coldest month with mean temp above 65 degrees
  • consistent warm temperatures
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3
Q

What are the basic features of the Arid climates

A
  • more evaporation then precipitation
  • consistently dry patterns
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4
Q

What are the basic features of the Temperate Mid-latitude climates

A
  • moderate seasonal temps
  • coldest month with mean temps above 32 degrees
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5
Q

What are the basic features of the Harsh Mid-latitude climates

A
  • warmest month with mean temps above 50 degrees
  • seasonal temps, cool to cold winters, warm summers
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6
Q

What are the basic features of the Polar climates?

A
  • extreme cold climates, little precipitation
  • warmest month mean temps below 50 degrees
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7
Q

Contrast the Tropical Rainforest, Monsoon, and Savanna sub climates.

A

Tropical rainforest: lots of precipitation, much vegetation, mostly trees, near equator in South America, Africa, and Indonesia
Monsoon: wet/dry seasons, excessive during wet seasons, seasonal change in wind direction, scattered trees, open grasslands, in southern India and South Asia
Savanna: extreme seasonal precipitation, dry about six months a year, many grasslands, Africa and eastern South America

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8
Q

Contrast the Hot and Cold desert climates.

A

Hot: around 30 degrees N/S much heat, lack of vegetation, only highly adapted, Sahara in North America, outback of Australia
Cold: around 60 degrees N/S not very hot, lack of vegetation, gobi in central Asia

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9
Q

Contrast the Mediterranean and Humid subtropical sub climates.

A

Mediterranean: wet cool winters, dry hot summers, commonly on west coast of continents, Greece, Italy, southern France and southern California
Humid: wet year-round, hot summers, short cool winters, mostly along east coasts, SE USA and China

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10
Q

Historically, what were the values of fire for early humans?

A
  • provides heat to keep warm in winter - allowed them to cook food
  • provided light at night
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11
Q

For what do we need energy in our modern culture?

A
  • electricity
  • transportation
  • production of materials
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12
Q

Much of today’s electrical production comes from fossil fuels. What are the fossil fuels?

A
  • coal
  • petroleum
  • natural gas
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13
Q

How are coal, petroleum, and natural gas transported around the globe?

A

Trains carry the coal
Pipelines transport petroleum and natural gas
Large tanker ships can transport petroleum and pipelines too

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14
Q

What are the wastes from energy production and use?

A
  • ash is generated
  • carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide wastes
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15
Q

What are the components of the Carbon Cycle?

A

Decomposition
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Fossilization
Diffusion
Combustion
Natural fires

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16
Q

How does each component of the carbon cycle add or take away carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A
  • Decomposition, carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere by animals
  • Photosynthesis, carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere
  • Respiration, carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere by bacteria and other organisms
  • Fossilization carbon remains of organisms buried (taken out)
  • Diffusion movement in and out of ocean
  • Combustion adding carbon dioxide to atmosphere
  • Natural fires, nature moves carbon dioxide into atmosphere
17
Q

How can we determine average global temperatures?

A

The average daily temperature at many locations(high and low) each day, further average for the year

18
Q

What actions can we use to help slow the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?

A
  • less transportation or general use of fossil fuels
  • add more forest
19
Q

What outcomes of climate change might we see in the near future?

A
  • increase in average global temperatures
  • changes in ocean level
  • longer summers and warmer winters
  • changes in plant growth and animal distributions
20
Q

What percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans?

A

over 70%

21
Q

How does ocean water generally circulate in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

A

Northern – water between 30 degrees and equator circulate clockwise
Southern – water between 30 degrees and the equator circulate counterclockwise

22
Q

Why are their variations in oceanic salinity?

A
  • amount of sunlight
  • ocean temperature vary between seasons around the globe
  • upwelling
  • circulation
23
Q

What is El Nino and how does it develop?

A

A change in the weather patters in the Pacific Ocean between Australia and South America ,
- Australia drier
- More rainfall in Pacific Ocean

earth science (6 decks)

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