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adult health 1 > Test 5 > Flashcards

Test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

rheuamtoid arthritis

A

chronic systemic autoimmune disease causing inflammation of connective tissue in the synovial joint
- has remission and exacerbations

autoimmune, but could be due to enviroment, or from infections

-triggers formation of IgG immunoglobulins

first phase: rheumatoid synovitis, lymphocytes, and plasma cells increase
next: cartilage is damaged
then: inflammatory response, more damage

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2
Q

clinical manifestations of RA

A

-subtle onset

joint pain and swelling, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, stiffness, limited ROM, stiffness after inactivity, signs of inflammation, deformities (ulnar drift, swan neck, boutonniere, hallux valgus)

possible nodules, depression, sjogren’s syndrome, fractures, decreased grip

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3
Q

RA diagnostics and meds

A

POS RHEUMATOID FACTOR
ANA
crp
esr
x ray
aspiration of synovial fluid

meds
DMARDS (ex- sulfasalazine)
- drink fluids, use sunscreen, get eye exams

BMR
- end in umab
- dont get live vaccines
- get PPD before starting
-report bleeding, bruising

Immunosuppressants
ex- methotrexate - causes bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity

antitumor necrosis meds
ex- etanercept

plan activities around morning stiffness

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4
Q

GOUT

A

non systemic inflammation of joints from elevated uric acid that collects in them, typically from disturbed purine metabolism

periods of remission and exacerbations

sudden onset, swelling and severe pain, low grade fever, tophi

most commonly affects big toe

could lead to kidney damage

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5
Q

foods not to eat for gout

A

avoid foods with purines: alcohol, caffeine, shellfish, beef

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6
Q

tophi

A

visible deposits of sodium urate crystals

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7
Q

diagnostics and care for gout

A

INCREASED URiC ACID LEVELS
x-ray
wbc
esr
synovial aspiration

Meds-
**colchicine- for acute attack. take with food to avoid GI upset

probenecid- reduce uric acid. take w food to avoid Gi upset

**allopurinol- for prevention. blocks formation of uric acid

sulfinpyrazone- reduce uric acid. take w food to avoid Gi upset

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8
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

multisystem autoimmune disease affecting skin, jointsm serous membranes, renal, hematologic, and neuro

unknown etiology, could be from hormones
meds could trigger

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9
Q

SLE clinical manifestations

A

could be mild to severe

butterfly rash
vascular skin lesions
photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
lung disease
dysrhythmias
coagulation disorders
anemia
increased risk for infection
pericarditis
kidney damage
alopecia
arthritis

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10
Q

SLE care

A

Diagnostics- ANA, anti ANA, ANTI smith, UA, SBS, CRP

treat symtoms
DMARDS, BMR topicals, NSAIDS

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11
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic central pain syndrome with widespread fatigue, pain, muscle weakness.

May feel “burning” pain and tenderness

patients may experience depression, migraines, overwhelmed, anxiety, restless leg syndrome, IBS, decreased memory

Diagnostics- 11-18 different pain locations, 3 months widespread pain

Meds- Lyrica, gabapentin, anti anxiety

patients should try exercise, relaxation, diet changes, massage, heat and cold.
they need to find out what exacerbates it

opioids don’t help this disease, only non opioids

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12
Q

sjogren’s syndrome

A

autoimmune disease that targets moisture producing exocrine glands such as in nose, throat, airways, and eyes creating dryness.
Also affects glands in stomach, pancreas and intestines

may be triggered from viral or bacterial infection, or genetic and environment.

lymphocytes attack and damage the lacrimal and salivary glands

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13
Q

sjogren’s syndrome clinical manifestations

A

dryness overall..

dry eyes- blurred , photosensitivity

dry mouth- most concerning, airway and choking issues. could have taste changes and be thirsty, mouth sores

dry skin

vaginal dryness

joint and muscle pain

thyroid issues

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14
Q

sjogren’s syndrome diagnostics and care

A

Diagnostics- Schirmer’s test for tear production, salivary gland function

Meds- eye drops, pilocarpine for dry mouth

increase humidity for airways
moisten food with sauces, eat more creamy foods, high calorie drinks, finely chop foods.
lube for vaginal dryness
skin lotion
avoid salty, acidic or spicy foods.

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15
Q

enucleation

A

removal of eye

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16
Q

sclera

A

fibrous outer coat of eye

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17
Q

choroid

A

middle vascular layer of eye

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18
Q

retina

A

middle nerve in eye

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19
Q

what is cornea responsible for

A

refraction

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20
Q

what are eye lens responsible for

A

accomodation and focus

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21
Q

what is iris responsible for

A

controlling amount of light

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22
Q

what does retina do

A

perception of color (cones) and light (rods)

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23
Q

normal aging of eye

A
  1. cornea thickening and flattening- can cause astigmatism
  2. lens thickens, increases IOP- glaucoma risk
  3. Lens opacity- cataracts
  4. retina degeneration- decreases visual acuity and color perception
  5. lacrimal gland issues
  6. iris rigidity
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24
Q

common manifestations of eye issues

A

redness, pain, burning
edema
increased tearing
headache
N/V
squinting
visual disturbances
accommodation disorders

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25
Q

refractive errors

A

caused by irregular corneal curve, focusing power of lens, or eye length

light doesn’t hit eye correctly

main symptom is blurred vision, but could cause pain, eye strain, or headaches

treated w surgery or lenses

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26
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness. cant see far away

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27
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightness. trouble seeing near. light focuses behind retina

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28
Q

presbyopia

A

farsightedness due to aging. reading glasses needed

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29
Q

astigmatism

A

Irregular cornea curvature causing light rays to bend unequally

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30
Q

visual impairment management

A

Worry about safety? Can they see? Do they need glasses to see?

care- Glasses and contacts most common, but could have laser surgery, bifocals

Know if patient has contacts, some meds cause contacts to stick to eye, such as chemo, or if patient is unconscious take contact out to avoid damage and infections

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31
Q

Hordeolum

A

Stye- infectious sebaceous gland in lid margin. Use warm compress 4x daily

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32
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of conjunctiva.
Bacterial- pink eye- pus, itchy- contagious
viral- tearing, feeling of something in eye
-treated w eye drops

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33
Q

Keratitis

A

inflammation of cornea. Need to Clean eye with baby shampoo could be from herpes simplex, ulcers, parasites, fungus

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34
Q

Chalazion

A

chronic inflammatory granuloma of sebaceous gland on lid. blocked oil gland

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35
Q

Strabismus

A

inability to focus both eyes simultaneously. Usually from eye muscle issue, may need eye muscle surgery. Causes double vision

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36
Q

Keratoconus

A

cornea budges outward

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37
Q

are corneal transplants safe

A

yes- no vascularity involved

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38
Q

nursing management of extraocular disorders

A

find out if its contagious

warm/cool compress
hand washing

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39
Q

retinopathy

A

damage to retina. Common in diabetics and HTN pts

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40
Q

Retinal detachment

A

separation of retina and epithelium behind, fluid can build up and if untreated will cause blindness.
Risk factors- Age, myopia, trauma.
Symptoms- Photophobia, floaters, curtain closing
Requires surgery

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41
Q

age related macular degeneration (ARMD)

A

most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 60. due to normal aging process of retina.
Risk factors- age , hereditary, ethnicity, smoking, HTN, poor nutrition

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42
Q

cataracts

A

opacity within lens. Happens with age but can happen earlier in patients with DM.
risk factors- light exposure, age, DM, meds (like steroids), trauma

s&s
decreased vision
abnormal color perception
glare
pupil looks cloudy

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43
Q

phacoemulsification

A

Most common surgical procedure in US- removes cataracts

pupils need to be dilated, pain and anti inflammatory eye drops gave before surgery, surgeon admins med that breaks lens up, it gets vacuumed, then replaced with another lens.

Post op- shield to sleep - stops from eye rubbing, avoid pressure on front of face such as no bending, bearing down or lifting weights. Eye drop anti inflam. and antibiotic, avoid bright lights

**Patient has to have eye appt 24 hours after surgery so eye pressure can be assessed

complications- hemorrhage, increased eye pressure

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44
Q

glaucoma

A

Increases intraocular eye pressure, putting pressure on optic nerve and could cause blindness over time.

We want to slow the progression of loss of eyesight. Aqueous pressure flows in and out to balance pressure, but with glaucoma this is a issue

symptoms: blurry vision, halos, loss of vision, headache, pain, N/V

Treatment:
open angle- beta blockers, motics, adrenergic agonists.
eye drops preferred- but could still cause systemic effects, monitor BP and HR
angle closure- surgery

care- drops, no lifting, avoid tightness on neck

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45
Q

types of glaucoma

A

angle closure- sudden onset, emergency. surgery typically needed. usually from bulging lens

open angle- slow onset. from aging, hereditary, retinal issues

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46
Q

rinne test

A

compares bone to air conduction with tuning fork.
Normal is hearing air conduction longer
Conductive hearing loss is hearing bone conduction longer
Sensorineural is when both are reduced

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47
Q

Weber test

A

helps determine if both ears here equally, or if one side is worse than other

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48
Q

common auditory issue clinical manifestations and diagnostics

A

pain, fever, headache, discharge, personality change, dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus

diagnostics- tuning fork, audiogram

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49
Q

common auditory issue clinical manifestations and diagnostics

A

pain, fever, headache, discharge, personality change, dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus

diagnostics- tuning fork, audiogram

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50
Q

presbycusis

A

hearing loss due to aging

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51
Q

otitis externa

A

Inflammation of ear canal; swimmer ear. Could be bacterial or fungal. First sign is usually pain. Apply warm compress and ear drops

52
Q

otitis media

A

infection of middle ear

53
Q

Otosclerosis

A

hereditary where spongy bone develops in middle ear and bones cant make sound as needed, resulting in conductive loss. Typically bilateral. Eardrum may appear reddish due to vascular and bone changes

54
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating sensual hearing loss. Onset is typically between 30-60
Change positions slowly because if not could cause vertigo

55
Q

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

A

vertigo, nausea, nystagmus, loss of balance. No real hearing loss. Intermittent, can be corrected by maneuvers. Unknown cause. Accounts for 50% vertigo cases.

56
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

Benign tumor affecting cranial nerve- unilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, sensation in ear canal, intermittent vertigo.
Often requires surgery and can lead to facial paralysis

57
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

from inner or middle ear
can be from fluid, wax, eardrum issues
treatment can be meds, surgery, hearing aid
bone conduction implant can help

58
Q

sensorineural or perceptive hearing loss

A

problem within cochlea or pathway to auditory cortex
caused by trauma, aging, ototoxic meds, DM, meniere’s disease
cochlear implants can help

presbycusis falls under this

59
Q

skin function

A

protection, regulator of temp, water, electrolytes

60
Q

skin layers

A

Epidermis- outer layer
Dermis- middle layer, sweat glands, hair follicle, nerves and sebaceous gland,
Subcut tissue- inner layer, fat cells

61
Q

what causes most skin bacterial infections

A

staphylococcus aureus
strep A and B

treated with antibiotics

62
Q

impetigo

A

Very contagious. Could affect kidneys. Bacterial infect

common in kids
looks like peanut butter crusting on face

63
Q

folliculitis

A

hair follicle infection from bacteria

64
Q

cellulitis

A

Skin infection usually caused by staph A

common in hospitals

65
Q

common viral skin infections

A

herpes simplex
herpes zoster (shingles)- AIRBORNE also, reactivates from chicken pox
verruca vulgaris (warts)
Plantar warts- on bottom of feet

treated with antivirals

66
Q

common skin infestations (worms, bugs, insects)

A

bee/wasp stings- need to get stinger out
bed bugs
pediculosis (lice)- may take a few treatments, contagious
scabies- contagious. skin precautions needed. very itchy
Ticks- bullseye rash; could lead to lyme disease

67
Q

common benign dermatologic conditions

A

acne
moles
psoriasis- use UV light, topical steroids
seborrheic keratosis- non cancerous skin growth
acrochordons- skin tags
lipoma- fatty lump
lentigo- pigmented macule

68
Q

common skin fungal infections

A

candidiasis- yeast
tinea corporis- ringworm
tinea cruris- jock itch
tinea pedis- athlete’s foot
tinea unguium- nail fungus

69
Q

common allergic skin conditions

A

allergic contact dermatitis
urticaria-hives
drug reactions
atopic dermatitis

70
Q

vesicle

A

small fluid filled sac

71
Q

macule

A

flat, non palable

72
Q

nodule vs papule

A

both are elevated, palpable lesions

nodule is larger than papule

73
Q

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

A

chronic damage to mucosa from stomach acid getting into lower esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation.

primary cause- incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Symptoms- heart burn (pyrosis), dyspepsia, pain, discomfort, regurgitation, resp issues such as wheezing, coughing, sore throat

74
Q

GERD complications

A

esophagitis- inflammation. Repeated esophagitis may lead to scar tissue, stricture, and dysphagia

barrett’s esophagus (BE)- Metaplasia of stomach cells into esophagus, cells release acid. increases risk for cancer

respiratory bronchospasm, laryngospasm, aspiration

dental erosion

75
Q

diagnostics for GERD and hiatal hernia

A

endoscopy with biopsy
barium swallow (esophagram)
motility studies- looks for nerve damage
pH monitoring

76
Q

GERD management

A

small meals
avoid alcohol, caffeine, smoking
upright position 2-3 hours after eating
avoid eating 2-3 hours after meals
weight reduction
elevate head of bed
surgery if meds dont work

77
Q

proton pump inhibitors (PPI)

A

decreases HCL secretion and irritation
- best for healing esophagitis and decrease strictures
-take before meal

long term use could cause decreased bone density, b12 deficiency, magnesium deficiency

for GERD, duodenal ulcer, esophagitis

names: omeprazole, rabeprazole

78
Q

H2 receptor blocker

A

decreases HCL secretion and irritation

available in many different forms

Only effective in 50% cases. PPI to cure ulcer, H2 to prevent

names: Cimetidine, famotidine (pepcid)

take before meals

79
Q

prokinetics

A

increase gastric emptying and motility

adverse effects- CNS (anxiety, hallucinations), extrapyramidal (tremor, dyskinesia)

for gastroparesis, chronic constipation

names: Prucalopride, prycalopride, metoclopramide

80
Q

antacids

A

neutralize acid; provides quick relief for mild, intermittent symptoms. Short duration

give 2 hours after meals

use w caution in renal patients, HTN, cirrhosis

For GERD
names:Aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate (tums)

81
Q

hiatal hernia

A

herniation of part of the stomach into the esophagus through opening in diaphragm.
- caused by weakened muscle in diaphragm and esophagogastric opening or intra abdominal pressure

symptoms- heartburn, dyspepsia, regurgitation, resp symptoms,chest pain

conservative- reduce intra abdominal pressure
surgery- reduce hernia, optimize LES pressure

82
Q

hiatal hernia complications

A

GERD, esophagitis, ulcers, hemorrhage, stenosis, strangulation, aspiration

83
Q

surgeries for GERD, or hiatal hernia

A

nissen fundoplication- uses sutures

LINX reflux management system- uses magnets to strengthen LES

84
Q

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

Erosion of GI mucosa from HCL acid and pepsin

typically happens in: lower esophagus, stomach, duodenum, or post op gastrojejunal anastomosis

may be classified by location.. gastric, duodenal

pain is a priority nursing diagnosis

85
Q

types of hiatal hernia

A

sliding hiatal hernia- most common
rolling/paraesophageal hernia- more concerning. Blood flow issue

86
Q

acute vs chronic PUD

A

acute- superficial erosion and minimal inflammation

chronic- erosion of muscular wall with formation of fibrous tissue

87
Q

gastric ulcers

A

more prevalent in females older than 50
increased obstruction
increased mortality
high recurrence = increased cancer risk

burning 1-2 hours after meals, if penetrating, increased pain w food

risk factors- H. pylori, NSAIDs, bile reflux

88
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

most common- 80% of peptic ulcers
common in men age 35-45
at risk: COPD, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, hyperparathyroidism, CRF patients

from H. pylori
high HCL secretion
usually will occur, disappear and then reoccur again

burning 2-5 hours after meal. pain relief w antacids and food

89
Q

PUD risk factors and diagnostics

A

risk factors
-H. Pylori
->oral-oral or fecal-oral route, more common in blacks and hispanics
-NSAID use/corticosteroid/anticoagulants
-alcohol/smoking
-caffeine
-stress

diagnostics
EGD- sedated
tissue specimen to test for H pylori
barium contrast
CBC, liver enzymes, amylase, stool sample

90
Q

PUD management

A

decrease gastric acidity

No NSAID or ASA for 4-6 weeks unless with PPI, h2 receptor

endoscopic evaluations

cytoprotective drug therapy- dont give w antacid

avoid tigerring food

91
Q

PUD complications

A

hemorrhage, most common in duodenal

perforation- most lethal. contents spill into peritoneal cavity
severe abdominal pain. board like abdomen, bowel sounds absent, shock. If untreated could lead to bacterial peritonitis- sepsis -> Antibiotics, NS, LR, albumin 5%

gastric outlet syndrome- edema, inflammation, pylorospasm, or scar tissue cause obstruction in distal stomach and duodenum. Gas and bloating occur later. Treated by decompressing with NGT, fluid and electrolytes, balloon dilation

92
Q

signs of shock

A

hypotension (could be from losing volume), tachycardia, sweaty, pallor

93
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of gastric mucosa
could be acute or chronic, diffuse or local
chronic is typically from H. pylori

patho- HCl and pepsin diffuse into mucosa resulting in tissue edema, disruption of capillary walls with loss of plasma into gastric lumen and possible hemorrhage

Risk factors- NSAIDs, female over age 60, history of PUD, anticoagulation therapy, corticosteroid use, digoxin, alendronate

symptoms include heaviness, pain, heartburn, N/V

94
Q

what does bile do and where does it get excreted

A

break down fat.
urine and feces

95
Q

what does the liver do

A

removes potentially toxic byproducts of certain meds like tylenol, statins

metabolizes nutrients from food to produce energy

helps body fight infection by removing bacteria from blood

produce substances that regulate blood clotting

stores vitamins, minerals and sugar

produces most protein needed by body

produces bile, which digest fat and absorbs vitamins

96
Q

causes of hepatitis

A

Viral (most common)
Alcohol
Drug-Induced
Chemicals
Autoimmune diseases
Metabolic problems
Fatty liver disease

97
Q

hep A

A

RNA virus transmitted by fecal-oral. by eating contaminated food or water

there is a vaccine for this, no treatment
- not chronic

symptoms can be mild to acute

practice good hand hygiene

pos anti- HAV or IgM= active
IgG- shows previous infection

98
Q

hep B

A

DNA virus Transmitted through blood or bodily fluids (Blood, semen, saliva)

there is a vaccine
drug choices- alpha interferon, peginterferon

can be acute or chronic

screen for pos antigen/antibodies

get blood screened and have good hygiene

99
Q

hep C

A

RNA virus Transmitted through blood-blood contact

NO vaccine
drugs- direct acting antivirals

avoid sharing needles, razzors, etc

acute or chronic
acute- asymptomatic
chronic- liver damage

screen for pos hep B antibody

virus will never go away but symptoms will, make sure to tell partners

100
Q

hep D

A

defective RNA virus from contact with infected blood, but only occurs in people already infected with hep B

Hep B vaccine, none specific for D
drug- interferon

avoid sharing of needles, razors, etc

101
Q

hep E

A

RNA virus transmitted through contaminated food or water, fecal-oral

no vaccine
no treatment

avoid drinking from potentially unsafe source

102
Q

Clinical manifestations for hepatitis

A

fever
fatigue
headache
loss of appetite
unexplained weight loss
dark urine
jaundice
pale colored stool
abdominal pain
N/V
hepatomegaly
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly

acute typically last 1-6 months

103
Q

systemic manifestations of hep B

A

Rash, angioedema, arthritis, fever, malaise, cryoglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis

104
Q

cryoglobulinemia

A

Presence of abnormal proteins in blood

105
Q

acute vs chronic hepatitis

A

acute
large numbers of hepatocytes are destroyed, but liver cells can regenerate after infection

chronic
chronic infection can cause fibrosis of liver then progress to cirrhosis

106
Q

acute vs chronic hepatitis

A

acute
large numbers of hepatocytes are destroyed, but liver cells can regenerate after infection

chronic
chronic infection can cause fibrosis of liver then progress to cirrhosis

107
Q

hepatitis convalescent phase

A

begins as jaundice is disappearing
- last weeks to months
- causes malaise and easy fatigability
- liver is still enlarged but spleen reduces back to normal

most people typically recover but a lot of hep C and some of hep B patients may get chronic hepatitis

108
Q

diagnostics for hepatitis

A

antibody/antigen panels
LFT- AST and ALT
bilirubin elevated
Alk phos elevated
enlarged liver and spleen
liver biopsy

109
Q

care for hepatitis

A

acute A and B are typically just supportive care and only treated if severe (just B)

acute C needs antivirals

chronic hep B- interferons

eat well balanced diet, high in calories, vitamin supplements (especially D), no alcohol

110
Q

liver cirrhosis

A

end stage liver disease

not many symptoms early on
late stages- jaundice, portal htn, peripheral edema , ascites

possible spider angiomas, hematologic issues, endocrine issues, neuropathies

111
Q

issues with ascites

A

worry about breathing as it could become labored
think about dehydration from vascularity
Monitor for hyperkalemia
Bacterial peritonitis

112
Q

hepatic encephalopathy

A

neuropsychiatric manifestation of liver disease
- ammonia cannot be converted into urea and builds to toxic levels
- affects brain
causes - LOC decline, inappropriate behavior, trouble concentrating and sleeping, asterixis (tremor like)

can occur suddenly or over time

prevent injury, promote ventilation

113
Q

paracentesis

A

takes fluid out of abdomen region

114
Q

IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)

A

no organic cause, relates to psychological stressors or GI infections
based on symptoms: need abdominal pain at least 1 day a week for 3 months

alteration of diarrhea or constipation
mucus in bowels
feeling of incomplete bowel movements
looser, more frequent stools
abdominal pain or bloating

no specific test- rule out other diagnostics

-stress management

115
Q

dietary changes for IBS

A

avoid FODMAP- gluten, wheats, ryes, lactose, onions, garlic, nuts, legumes

116
Q

drugs for IBS

A

opioid analgesics
antispasmodics
antidepressants
antidiarrheals
laxatives

117
Q

IBD (inflammatory bowel disorder)

A

chronic, inflammation of GI tract characterized by periods of remission with exacerbations
~~autoimmune

2 types: ulcerative colitis, crohns

typically begins in teens/early adulthood, with another peak in 60s. Family history

118
Q

IBD risk factors

A

diet, smoking, stress, NSAIDs, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, genetics

119
Q

Ulcerative colitis clinical manifestation

A

only in colon, continuous
pain in lower left abdomen
ulcers only penetrate inner lining
bloody stool common
can have 10-20 stools a day
pain usually gets better after bowel movement

120
Q

crohns disease

A

can occur segmented anywhere in GI tract from mouth to rectum
pain typically occurs in lower right abdominal region
ulcer penetrates through entire thickness
bleeding is uncommon but can occur
5-6 unformed stools

121
Q

diagnostic for IBD

A

Colonoscopy (or endoscopy for crohn’s)
barium swallow
CT/MRI
stool- blood, pus, mucus, infection

Labs- crp, cbc, electrolytes

122
Q

care for IBD

A

goals to avoid exacerbation, rest bowel
relieve symptoms and improve quality of life

drugs:
50 aminosalicylates (5 ASA)- remains remission, prevent flare ups
corticosteroids
antimicrobials
immunosuppressants

UC surgery- usually curative but only for severe cases. complications could be failure to response, fistula, hemorrhage

crohn’s surgery- won’t cure, only surgical for complications

123
Q

diverticula/diverticulosis

A

saccular dilations or outpouching of mucosa in colon, typically from lack of fiber

more common in older adults

prevented by high fiber diet

124
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticula, from when food gets stuck in these pouches.

can be diagnosed by CT with oral contrast, occult blood, enema, CBC.

allow bowel to rest
surgery can occur in recurrent cases or complications
drink fluids
avoid increased abdominal pressure

125
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

impaired absorption of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins

most common cause is lactose intolerance but could also be from other GI problems like IBD

symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, steatorrhea

treatment depends on cause

126
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune disease that damages small intestine mucosa, triggered by gluten (wheat, barley, rye)
-typically associated with other conditions like RA, type I DM, thyroid disease

more common in women, can occur at any age but common in childhood

consist of 3 factors- genetics, gluten ingestion, immune response

treatment is avoiding gluten
diagnosed by serologic testing, genotyping, screening, history and physical

127
Q

celiac signs and symptoms

A

mouth ulcer and tooth erosion
diarrhea, bloating, constipation
weight loss and malnutrition
joint/muscle pain and swelling
stomach pain and nausea
brittle nails, acne, eczema
possible infertility, miscarriage and early menopause in woman

adult health 1 (5 decks)

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