test 5/13 pt 2 Flashcards
What was Haskalah - Jewish Enlightenment?
A movement in central and eastern Europe during the late 18th to late 19th century. Encouraged Jews to study secular subjects in addition to Jewish ones, as well as studying European languages and Hebrew. Maskilim (followers of this movement) often tried to assimilate to local culture, including in dress, manners, and loyalty to ruling powers.
What was the Jewish Emancipation?
The process from the late 18th to early 20th century in which countries removed disabilities from Jewish communities. This granted Jewish citizens more equal rights. Jewish communities hoped through the process of emancipation, they would be able to be fully integrated into Jewish life. While many Jews were able to more fully integrate, including even holding political office, they still continued to face antisemitism.
What was the Dreyfus Affair?
In the late 19th century, Alfred Dreyfus, a French Jewish man, was accused of stealing military secrets. He was convicted even though there was no evidence he was guilty. This was evidence of the increasing antisemitism in Europe and the challenges facing the Jewish community. Herzl, who was a journalist during this time, witnessed the antisemitic reactions of the French community which ignited his Zionist beliefs.
What was the Haganah?
Main paramilitary of the Yishuv 1920-1948. The Irgun/Etzel and Lechi broke off from it. They all ended up merging into the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF).
What was the Palmach?
The elite fighting force of the Haganah.
What was Irgun & Lechi?
Break off paramilitary organizations in the Yishuv. Broke off from the Haganah due to ideological differences. At the times the three groups support one another, at other times they actively fought one another. These break offs were lead by the Revisionist Zionists who believed in a more forceful fight for the land of Palestine.
What was the Yishuv?
The Jewish population of Palestine before Israel was founded in 1948.
What is a Kibbutz?
An agricultural settlement based on the values of socialism. First one was founded in 1909.
What was the British Mandate?
After WWI, the British were given a mandate over the land of Palestine. This mean they had control over the land. Their goal was for them to be in charge and support the land, until the inhabitants were able to mage it on their own.
Names of war
War of 1948 Arab-Jewish Civil War War of independent War of Sovereignty Palestine War Nakba
Nakba
The Arab word for catastrophe or disaster. Arab-Palestinians refer to the events of May 14th, 1948 as Nakba or catastrophe and mark it with a day of mourning.
Arab Riots
There were multiple Arab riots in the land of Palestine throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Some of the main ones include Tel Chai and the Arab uprising of 1936-1939.
