Test 4: Modalities and digit fractures

Question 1

Ultrasound

Answer 1

Sound waves used for pain reduction, increase rate of recovery, and speed up healing process

Question 2

2 primary frequencies for ultrasound

Answer 2

• 1 MHz: used to target deeper tissues (5 to 6 cm)

- 3 MHz: used for more superficial structures (1 to 2 cm)

Question 3

Conduction

Answer 3

An exchange of heat when two surfaces come into contact with another
-hot/cold packs, paraffin

Question 4

Convection

Answer 4

An exchange of thermal energy between object and fluid substance
-fluidotherapy, whirlpool

Question 5

Conversion

Answer 5

Energy converted to heat

-continuous ultrasound

Question 6

Contraindications for thermal modalities

Answer 6

• Diminished sensation
• too old/too young
• nerve laceration
• acute inflammation
• impaired circulation/ cognition
• vascular instability
• Raynuad’s disease
• Over malignant spot
• Open wound/ bleeding issues

Question 7

Precautions for thermal modalities

Answer 7

• Deep vein thrombosis

- Infection

Question 8

Diameter of Ultrasound head

Answer 8

-1 cm sound head= 1 to 3 times the diameter (multiply by 2) for every 5 minutes

Question 9

Fracture timelines for healing based on location in hand

Answer 9

• Metacarpal fracture: 3-5 weeks
• Proximal phalanx shaft fracture: 5 to 7 weeks
• Middle phalanx fracture: 10-14 weeks
• Distal phalanx fracture: 3-4 weeks

Question 10

Tuft fracture

Answer 10

Type of crush injury in the distal phalanx

-tips of your fingers crushed (slamming fingers in car door)

Question 11

Stener’s Lesion

Answer 11

Avulsion injury of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb
-usually results from hyper-abduction of thumb

Question 12

Rolando fracture

Answer 12

Comminuted fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal

-Will require thumb-spica splint; needs treatmed correctly or arthritis will develop

Question 13

Bennet’s fracture

Answer 13

Fracture at base of 1st metacarpal that is NOT comminuted

-MOST COMMON thumb fracture

Question 14

Volar vs Dorsal PIP dislocation splinting

Answer 14

• Dorsal dislocation: block 30 degrees of extension while allowing for full flexion (dorsal blocking or ring splint, buddy taping)
• Volar dislocation: splint in extension (finger gutter splint)