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Adult Health 3 > Test 4 - Medications > Flashcards

Test 4 - Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Na Channel Blockers: main use

A

Ventricular dysrhythmias, PVCs, and SVT

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2
Q

Na Channel Blockers: examples

A

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Monitor for toxicity: numbness of tongue, CNS depression (can lead to cardiac arrest)

Propafenone (Rythmol) - can cause dysrhythmia

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3
Q

Beta Blockers: Function

A

Slow HR & contraction

Blocks adrenaline effects

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4
Q

Beta Blockers: Nursing Implications

A
  • Monitor hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm
  • CAUTION: may mask hypoglycemia s/s

Overdose s/s: hypotension, bradycardia, impaired AV conduction, bronchospasm, and HF
Prepare to give glucagon

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5
Q

Why is Glucagon given for Beta Blocker overdose?

A

Increases HR and myocardial contractility

Bypasses beta receptors

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6
Q

Beta Blockers: Selective

A

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

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7
Q

Beta Blockers: Non-Selective

A

“-lol”

Affects both cardiac and lung function

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8
Q

Beta Blocker Key Points: “Busy Bees”

A
  • BP
  • Bradycardia
  • Bronchospasm (non-selective beta blockers)
  • Blood Sugar (drops)
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9
Q

Potassium Blockers: Function

A

Prolongs the absolute refractory and repolarization time

“-arone”

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10
Q

Potassium Blocker: Uses

A

Ventricular Dysrhythmias, A Fib RVR (bpm > 100)

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11
Q

Potassium Blockers: Nursing Implications (Amiodarone)

A

-40 day 1/2 life: monitor liver function
-Hypotension
-Prolonged QT interval
-Corneal pigmentation = visual disturbance
-Pulmonary toxicity
-Photosensitivity*
NO GRAPEFRUIT (can increase toxicity)

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Function

A

Lower HR and contractility

Dilate coronary vessels

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Uses

A

Atrial dysrhythmias (SVT, Rapid A Fib RVR, A Flutter)

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14
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Nursing Implications

A

-BP
-HF
AVOID GRAPEFRUIT

Antidote: glucagon

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15
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Types

A 
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
"-pine"
     *amlodipine may cause edema
     **No "Nimodipine"
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16
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Uses

A

SVT or PSVT (chemical defibrillator)

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17
Q

Adenosine: Administration

A

Rapid IV push (1-2 seconds)
Closest port to heart
Raise arm if peripheral IV site used

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18
Q

Adenosine: Implications

A

Short 1/2 life: 7 seconds

S/E: chest pain, flushing, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction

Keep Code Cart nearby

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19
Q

Digoxin: Function

A

Increase cardiac output (Increase contractility)

Decrease O2 demand (Decrease HR)

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20
Q

Digoxin: Blood Levels

A

0.5 - 2.0

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21
Q

Digoxin: Toxicity S/S

A
  • N/V
  • Confusion (elderly patients)
  • Blurred vision
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias (PVC, AV blocks, bradycardia)
22
Q

Dobutamine (Dobutrex): Function

A

Beta-1 stimulation = short term increase in CO

Only for patients with normal BP and volume (SBP >100)

23
Q

Signs that Dobutamine is working

A

Increased UOP
Increased pulse strength
Skin is warmer

24
Q

Dobutamine: S/E

A
  • Chest pain
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • MI
  • PVC
25
Q

Dopamine (Intropin): Function

A

Increases contractility, HR, and BP

26
Q

Dopamine: S/E

A

Tachydysrhythmias, ventricular ectopic, V Tach, Vesicant

27
Q

Dopamine Extravasation Treatment

A

Regitine (phentolamine)

Leave original IV catheter, but DC tubing –> inject the Regitine

28
Q

Levophed (Norepinepherine)

A

Vasopressor

Mainly used for septic shock

29
Q

Levophed: Nursing Care

A

Monitor BP, EKG< HR, UOP
Monitor peripheral pulses
(may lower UOP and pulses)

30
Q

Epinephrine

A

Cardiac stimulant, vasopressor

Mimics actions of SNS

31
Q

Epinephrine: Indications

A
  • Cardiac Arrest (V Fib, V Tach, PEA, Asystole)
  • Symptomatic bradycardia
  • Profound hypotension
  • Second line shock tx
32
Q

Epinephrine: S/E

A
  • Increased HR, BP, and O2 demand
  • Angina
  • MI
33
Q

Which drugs are deactivated by Sodium Bicarb?

A

Dobutamine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine

34
Q

Atropine Sulfate: main use

A

Symptomatic bradycardia

Blocks vagal stimulation = Increased HR

35
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Dosing

A

0.5 mg q3-5 min

Max 3mg total (per ACLS)

Does not work on: Post-heart transplant and AV blocks

36
Q

Nitrates: function

A

anti-HTN (vasodilator)

37
Q

Nitrates: Implications

A

1 S/E: Headache

SBP >90 to give

38
Q

Nitrates: Types

A

Patch- need nitrate holidays

Sublingual- med is light sensitive only lasts 3-6 months one bottle open

IV- use special tubing

39
Q

Nitroprusside (Nipride) - ONLY 1 USE

A

Hypertensive crisis

40
Q

Nitroprusside: Implications

A
  • MONITOR BP closely
  • Avoid light (med is sensitive)

High dose = cyanide poisoning
-Watch for hypoxemia, dizziness, tachycardia

41
Q

ACE Inhibitors (“-pril”): Effects

A

Dilates the blood vessels

Promotes NA and H2O secretion -> decreases pulmonary congestion and edema

42
Q

ACE Inhibitors: Implications

A

Monitor for Hypotension

Monitor for Hyperkalemia

43
Q

Why would ACE Inhibitors be DC?

A

Cough or angioedema

44
Q

ARBs/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (“-sartan”): Effect

A

Lowers BP

Improves CO

45
Q

What is Angiotensin II?

A

Very powerful vasoconstrictor

46
Q

What can Amiodarone be used to treat?

A

Ventricular Dysrhythmias, A Fib RVR (bpm > 100)

47
Q

What medications can be used to treat V. Fib?

A

Epi
Amiodarone
Lidocaine
Magnesium Sulfate (if Torsade’s or low Mg)

48
Q

NTG Admin: Implications

A

Pt must:
-SBP >90, HR 50-100

No Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (ED meds) in past 24-48 hr = drastic BP drop

Morphine if unsuccessful

49
Q

ACS Drugs

A
  • Anticoagulants (ASA, Heparin): prevent new clots
  • Antiplatelets (Plavix): prevent new clots
  • Beta Blockers (If VS stable): reduce infarct size and dysrhythmia
  • ACE Inhibitor/ARBs: reduces ventricular remodeling, prevents HF, and increases MI survival rate
  • Anticholesterol (“-statin”): reduce cholesterol and inflammation (stabilizes and reduces plaque)
50
Q

Anti-Cholesterol (“-statin”): Implications

A
  • Take in evening
  • NO GRAPEFRUIT
  • Hepatotoxic risk
  • Rhabdo risk = can cause AKI

Adult Health 3 (12 decks)

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