Test 4: History of Corrections Flashcards
Corrections
Involve the - treatment - incapacitation - and punishment of criminal offenders who have been convicted in a court of law
- retribution
- rehabilitation
- restitution
- deterrence
- incapacitation
1st penitentiary
The Walnut Street Jail
Correction Ideology:
Pennsylvania System
A system of imprisonment within which each prisoner is required to live and work in solidarity confinement throughout the entire sentence
•Penitence= Penitentiary
- inmates were only given a bible and their inner thoughts
- no speaking
Correction Ideology:
Auburn System
(Silent System)
A system of imprisonment within which prisoners were permitted to work side by side, but at no time were they allowed to speak or even glance at one another
Major Reform
Dont have to know
- repressive disciplinary measure fade
- new regulations allowed prisoners to talk and associate with one another in open manner
- prison labor
In house prison labor
3 important reasons:
(dont have to know)
3 important reasons:
• keeps inmates occupied
• has rehabilitative value
• offsets cost of incarceration
Types of prison labor *****
6
Lease system Contract system Piece price system Public account system State use system Public works and way system
- Lease system: uses inmate labor for private businesses. The BUSINESS is in control of the inmate
- Contract system: business keeps the labor, but prisoners are contracted. Business is not in control of the inmate- the GOVERNMENT is.
- Piece price system: labor is kept in the prison. Money is payed for each piece individually made
- Public account system: state sells the pieces made and collect the money. The state is the salesman
- State use system: inmate labor for state goods (ex. License plates, other items used by the state)
- Public works and way system: inmates clean up public works (ex: roads or buildings)
Lease system ***
Contractors bud against one another to own the rights to inmate labor. Inmates work outside the prison facility , under the supervision of a private contractor, which is responsible for the inmate’s food, shelter, and clothing
- no longer in use
Contract Labor system ***
Private contractor provide prisons with machinery and raw materials in exchange for the inmate labor to produce finished products
- no longer in use
Public account system ***
The state retains control of inmate labor and provides convicts with the machinery and raw materials to produce finished products. The state sells the products on the open market and uses the profits to defray the cost of prison operations
State use system ***
Prison labor is used to produce goods for state supported institutions (ex. Schools & hospitals)
*inmate labor for state goods (ex. License plates, other items used by the state)
Piece price system ***
Contractors give raw materials to prisons, which use convict labor to produce finished products. Once the goods are manufactured, they are sold piece by piece to the contractor, which resells them on the open market
(Money is payed for each piece made)
Correction ideology:
dont have to know
- during the 1930s -1970s the emphasis was on rehabilitation
- during the 70s-80s there was a return to the “justice model”
Justice model
dont have to know
A goal of punishment that stresses the idea that offenders are responsible people and, therefore, deserve to be punished if they violate a law
Jail
dont have to know
A secured local detention facility used to retain arrested individuals who are awaiting:
• arrangement
• trial
• sentencing
- less than one year of sentencing
Prison
dont have to know
A state or federal correctional institution foe the incarceration of felony offenders for terms of longer than 1 year
Types of prisons
- minimum security
- medium security
- maximum security
Minimum security
4
- inmates who were considered low security risks
- relaxed perimeter security
- dormitories instead of cells
- flexible dress codes
Medium security
4
- prisoners who were considered more dangerous and more prone to escape
- guard towers
- close circuit tv monitoring
- single / double fences
Maximum security
5
- carefully designed to house the most dangerous and violent inmates
- very high walls
- multiple perimeter fences
- armed guards
- elaborate security measures
Federal prison system **
• administrative maximum
- high security = US penitentiaries
- medium & low security = Federal Correctional Institutions (FCI)
- minimum security = Federal prison camps (FPC)
*most used are medium & low security
ADMAX
Most secure security
Total institution
A facility responsible for every aspect of life for those who live and work in it •food • shelter • medical • clothing • safety
Prison capacity
Dont have to know
The size of the correctional population an institution can effectively hold
Rhodes v Chapman
Prison overcrowding is acceptable
Prison capacity
dont have to know
- rated: capacity determined by experts
- operational: capacity determined by government
- design: how many people was it made/designed to hold
Pains of imprisonment
Deprives: • liberty • goods and services • heterosexual relationships • autonomy • security
Sub rose economy
The secret exchange of goods and services among inmates
Prisonization
The process whereby newly institutionalized offenders come to ACCEPT PRISON LIFESTYLES and values
Convict code
A constellation of values, norms, and roles that regulate the way inmates interact with one another and with prison staff
*dont be a rat
Prison argot
The SLANG used by prisoners as it relates to criminal activity, incarceration, and prison life
Prison gangs **
6
A gang that is formed in a prison
- created to prey on other prisoners/ protect themselves as a group
- Neta
- Aryan brotherhood
- black guerrilla family (BGF)
- Mexican Mafia
- La Nuestra Familia
- Texas Syndicate
Neta **
- enemies (1)
- allies (2)
- identifiers (4)
• enemies:
- Los Solidos
• allies
- latin Kings
- Los Macheteros
• identifiers
- cross finger salute
- beads
- Puerto Rican Flag
- red, white & blue
Aryan brotherhood **
- enemies (4)
- allies (3)
- identifiers (5)
• enemies
- Black Guerrilla Family
- crips
- bloods
- El Rukns
• allies
- silent brotherhood
- motor cycle gangs
- white supremacy groups
- dirty white boys
• identifiers - swastikas - duble lightening bolts - shamrock clover - “AB” “666”
Black Guerrilla Family (BGF) ***
- enemies
- allies
- identifiers
• enemies:
- aryan brotherhood
- aryan brotherhood of texas
- mexican mafia
- texas syndicate
• allies:
- la nuestra familia
• identifiers:
- “BGF”
- cross sabers & shotguns
- “276”
- black dragon overtaking a prison / prison tower
