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Advanced Health Assessment > Test 4- Endocrine and Derm > Flashcards

Test 4- Endocrine and Derm Flashcards

1
Q

annular lesion

A

ring shaped

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2
Q

arcuate lesion

A

partial rings

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3
Q

confluent

A

lesions run together

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4
Q

described as generalized grouped lesions

A

herpes simplex

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5
Q

keratotic lesion

A

psoriasis

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6
Q

centripetal

A

rash moving to the center

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7
Q

centrifugal

A

rash moving away from the center

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8
Q

caudal

A

rash moving down body

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9
Q

discrete flat lesion (large macule); usually > 1.5 cm in diameter

A

patch

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10
Q

discrete palpable elevation of skin;

A

papule

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11
Q

Discrete palpable elevation of skin; may evolve from papule

A

nodule

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12
Q

slightly raised lesion, typically with flat surface; > 1 cm in diameter; scaling frequently present.

A

plaque

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13
Q

transient pink/red swelling of the skin; often displaying central clearing; usually pruritic and lasts

A

wheal

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14
Q

large papule or nodule; usually > 1 cm in diameter

A

tumor

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15
Q

vesicle > 0.5 cm diameter

A

bulla

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16
Q

semi-solid lesion; varies in size from several mm to several cm; may become infected

A

cyst

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17
Q

dried exudate that may have been serous, purulent, or hemorrhagic

A

crust

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18
Q

thin plates of desquamated straum corenum punctate; results from scratching

A

scale

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19
Q

shallow hemorrhagic excavation; linear or punctuate; results from scratching

A

excoriation

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20
Q

thickening of skin with exaggeration of skin creases

A

lichenification

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21
Q

hallmark of chronic eczematous dermatitis

A

lichenification

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22
Q

partial break in epidermis

A

erosion

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23
Q

linear crack in epidermis

A

fissure

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24
Q

Childhood disease characterized by sore throat, fever, and a “sandpaper” rash.

A

scarlet fever

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25
Q

scarlet fever is caused by

A

group a beta-hemolytic strep pyogenes

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26
Q

risk factors for scarlet fever

A

wound, burns

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27
Q

petechiae on palate, white coating on tongue which sheds by day 2 or 3 and leaves a “strawberry” tongue with shiny red papillae

A

scarlet fever

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28
Q

spread of rash in scarlet fever

A

sandpaper rash that begins on chest then spreads to abd and extremities

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29
Q

Pastia lines present in

A

scarlet fever

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30
Q

important to start atbx with scarlet fever to

A

prevent rheumatic fever

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31
Q

diagnostic for scarlet fever

A

throat cx, rapid strep test

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32
Q

rubella is caused by

A

rubivirus

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33
Q

rubella is most contagious when

A

rash is erupting

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34
Q

s/s of rubella

A

conjunctivitis, fever, occipital lymph node swelling

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35
Q

description of rubella rash

A

maculopapular that begins on face and spreads to chest.

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36
Q

s/s of rubella in adults

A

arthralgia and arthritis

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37
Q

diagnostic for rubella

A

viral cx, rubella antibodies

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38
Q

trx for rubella

A

immunization. don’t immunize during pregnancy

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39
Q

cause of fifth’s disease

A

parovirus B19

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40
Q

fifth’s disease stops being communicable when

A

rash erupts

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41
Q

description of fifth’s disease rash

A

begins on cheeks “slapped cheek”, then spreads to body and extremities

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42
Q

final phase of fifth’s disease rash

A

may be more itchy.

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43
Q

when children with fifth’s disease can return back to school

A

during rash phase when afebrile for 24 hours.

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44
Q

when children with fifth’s disease can return back to school

A

during rash phase when afebrile for 24 hours.

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45
Q

superficial infection of the skin which begins as small superficial vesicles which rupture and form honey-colored crusts.

A

impetigo

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46
Q

cause of impetigo

A

staph aureus

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47
Q

trx for impetigo

A

washing lesions, good hygiene.

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48
Q

Chronic, pruritic skin eruption with acute exacerbations.

A

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

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49
Q

Commonly seen in patients with other atopic illness (asthma, allergic rhinitis).

A

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

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50
Q

eczema is more common in

A

asians and blacks

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51
Q

Dennie-Morgan folds present in

A

eczema

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52
Q

description of eczema rash

A

red/dry skin at flexural surfaces, hands and feet.

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53
Q

80% of these patients have eosinophilia

A

eczema

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54
Q

trx for eczema

A

emollients, don’t use hot water

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55
Q

hIghly contagious viral illness with lesions that appear on buccal mucosa, palate, palms of hands, soles of feet, and buttocks

A

hand, foot, and mouth disease

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56
Q

hand foot and mouth disease caused by

A

coxsackie A16

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57
Q

small, red papules on tongue and buccal mucosa that can progress to ulcerative vesicles

A

hand foot and mouth disease

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58
Q

varicella virus establishes latency in the

A

dorsal root ganglia.

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59
Q

patients with varicella are infectious to others…

A

for 2 days before the appearance of the rash and until the lesions have crusted

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60
Q

description of varciella rash

A

begins on trunk then spreads peripherally, become vesicles, then scab in 6-10 hours.

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61
Q

do not give this in patients with varicella

A

ASA

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62
Q

herpes zoster involves the skin of

A

a single dermatome

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63
Q

acute phase of herpes zoster

A

unilateral rash that progresses to vesicles and then pustules.

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64
Q

pain for more than 1 month after herpes zoster

A

posthereptic neuralgia

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65
Q

contagiousness of shingles

A

shingles cannot be transmitted but varicella virus can.

66
Q

cause of scabies

A

sarcoptes scabei

67
Q

incubation period for scabies

A

3-6 weeks

68
Q

description of scabies

A

mite burrows in b/t fingers, feet, wrists, axilla, penis. can cause scaling, vesicles, and papules.

69
Q

when itching is worse at nighttime

A

scabies

70
Q

may look like a short (5-15 mm) linear or curved gray line and may end in a tiny vesicle.

A

scabies

71
Q

cause of pityriasis rosea

A

unknown, possible viral etiology

72
Q

pityriasis rosea most common in

A

those 10-35

73
Q

distribution of pityriasis rosea

A

herald patch on trunk, then generalized rash 1-2 weeks after

74
Q

description of rash in pityriasis rosea

A

salmon colored oval plaques with mild itching

75
Q

syphilis serology done with

A

pityriasis rosea

76
Q

acne is caused by increased

A

androgen production and keratin production

77
Q

inflammatory response in acne is caused by

A

Prop. acnes.

78
Q

preteens and adolescence; whiteheads; not infected with P. acnes.

A

comedonal acne

79
Q

adolescence; nodules, cysts, moderate to severe inflammation; usually infected with P. acnes.

A

nodulocystic acne

80
Q

adolescence and early 20s; pustules, papules, mild inflammation; usually infected with P. acnes

A

inflammatory acne

81
Q

acne often worsens during

A

first 2 weeks of trx

82
Q

Chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by rapid proliferation of epidermal cells. cause is unknown

A

psoriasis

83
Q

risk factors for psoriasis

A

family hx, strep infection, stress, DM

84
Q

description of psoriasis

A

silvery, white scales on elbows, knees, and scalps that itch

85
Q

+ Auspitz sign (pinpoint bleeding when lesions are scraped)

A

psoriasis

86
Q

ESR and CRP elevated with

A

psoriasis

87
Q

trx for psoriasis

A

warm soaks, oatmeal bath, emollients, sunscreen

88
Q

drugs that can stimulate psoriasis

A

ACEI, beta blockers, NSAIDs, PCN, salicylates

89
Q

Common, benign, whitish-yellow to brown raised papules or plaques that feel slightly greasy and velvety or warty and have a “stuck on” appearance.

A

seborrheic keratosis

90
Q

seborrheic keratosis in young black women

A

appear on cheeks and temples

91
Q

considered precursors of squamous cell carcinoma.

A

actinic keratosis

92
Q

risk factors for actinic keratosis

A

sun exposure, fair skin, men

93
Q

actinic keratosis description

A

raised, scaly, crusty lesions that appear on sun exposed areas of skin

94
Q

basal cell carcinoma common in

A

male 40-50 year olds

95
Q

common appearance is pearly transluscent nodule with overlying telangiectatic vessels

A

basal cell carcinoma

96
Q

Usually occur in fair-skinned adults > 60 years.

A

squamous cell carcinoma

97
Q

crusted hyperkeratotic lesions with a rough surface or flat reddish patches with an inflamed or ulcerated appearance

A

squamous cell carcinoma

98
Q

common location of squamous cell carcinoma in smokers

A

lower lip

99
Q

metastasis is rare with

A

basal cell caricnoma

100
Q

ABCDE with melanoma

A

Asymmetry, Border irregular, Color variation, Diameter > 6 mm, Elevation above skin

101
Q

common area of melanoma in whites

A

anterior lower leg and back

102
Q

common area of melanoma in blacks

A

nails, hands, and feet

103
Q

causes of cellulitis

A

Group A strep, staph aureus, MRSA, H influenza

104
Q

risk factors for cellulitis

A

trauma, untreated furunculosis, burns, DM

105
Q

diagnostics for cellulitis

A

C&S, CBC shows leukocytosis, elevated ESR

106
Q

imaging studies done for cellulitis to r/o

A

osteomyelitis

107
Q

trx for cellulitis

A

elevate extremity, moist heat, avoid swimming

108
Q

an inflammatory condition of skin folds, induced or aggravated by heat, moisture, maceration, friction, and lack of air circulation.

A

intertrigo

109
Q

trx for diaper rash

A

avoid using baby powder, leave OTA

110
Q

cause of tinea (ringworm)

A

Trichophyton sp.

111
Q

tinea capitis caused by

A

daycares

112
Q

tinea corporis

A

rash and itching with plaque on trunk

113
Q

tinea cruris caused by

A

excessive sweating and wet clothing.

114
Q

description of tinea cruris

A

half-moon plaques in the groin and/or upper thighs

115
Q

elderly most susceptible for this kind of fungal rash

A

tinea pedis

116
Q

risk factors for tinea versicolor

A

hot, humid climates, systemic corticosteroids

117
Q

slightly scaly macules on the trunk, neck, and upper arms (short-sleeved shirt distribution).

A

tinea versicolor

118
Q

in wood’s lamp exam, tinea will

A

fluoresce

119
Q

risk factors for thyroid nodule

A

iodine deficiency, exposure to radiation, family hx.

120
Q

nodules are usually

A

asymptomatic

121
Q

signs of malignant thyroid nodule

A

firm, fixed, nontender, large nodule with no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. cervical lymphadenopathy.

122
Q

TSH and free thyroxine index in thyroid nodules

A

normal

123
Q

best method to determine malignancy if TSH is normal or increased

A

fine needle biopsy

124
Q

an enlarged thyroid gland with two or more nodules suggest a

A

metabolic cause

125
Q

hypothyroidism from autoimmune destruction

A

Hashimoto’s

126
Q

s/s of hypothyroidism

A

lethargy, delayed DTRs, weight gain, edema, periorbital edema, cold intolerance, constipation, infertility, depression, muscle cramps, coarse dry skin

127
Q

reduced systolic and increased diastolic BP seen with

A

hypothyroidism

128
Q

lipid levels are elevated with

A

hypothyroidism

129
Q

diagnostic of hypothyroidism

A

high TSH and low T4

130
Q

common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s

131
Q

s/s of hyperthyroidism

A

weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, thyroid enlargement, afib, frequent BMs, moist and warm skin, thin and soft hair, rapid DTRs, exopthalamus.

132
Q

diagnostic of hyperthyroidism

A

low TSH and high T4

133
Q

s/s of thyroid storm

A

anxiety, fever, N/V, abd pain, cardiac failure

134
Q

cause of type 1 diabetes

A

destruction of beta cells in pancreas

135
Q

s/s of type 1 diabetes

A

3 Ps, weight loss, dehydration, confusion

136
Q

cause of type 2 diabetes

A

insulin resistance, abnormal insulin secretion, decrease in insulin receptors

137
Q

S/S of type 2 diabetes

A

3 Ps, proteinuria, obesity, blurred vision, balanitis, chronic vaginitis

138
Q

C peptide levels will be normal in

A

type 1 diabetics

139
Q

C peptide levels will be elevated in

A

type 2 diabetics

140
Q

the 3/5 criteria must be met for metabolic syndrome

A

increase waist circumference, FPG > 100, low HDL, triglyceride > 150, BP > 130/85.

141
Q

screening for diabetes in healthy person

A

start at age 45 every 3 years

142
Q

screening for those with BMI > 25 must have these risk factors

A

family hx, ethnicity, HTN, HLD, PCOS, A1C > 5.7%, CV disease

143
Q

diagnostic criteria for diabetes

A

A1C > 6.5%, FPG > 126 mg/dL on 2 occasions, 2 hour plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL, RBG > 200 mg/dL

144
Q

discrete flat change in color of skin; usually

A

macule

145
Q

example of a patch

A

pityriasis rosea

146
Q

example of a papule

A

seborrheic keratosis

147
Q

example of a nodule

A

basal cell carcinoma

148
Q

raised lesion containing clear fluid

A

vesicle

149
Q

raised lesion containing yellow cloudy fluid

A

pustule

150
Q

KOH shows this with tinea versicolor

A

hyphae and spores in “spagetti and meatball” pattern

151
Q

eye exam recommendation for those with type 1 diabetes

A

within 5 years of diagnosis and then annually

152
Q

retina changes in those with diabetes

A

cotton wool patches, vitreous hemorrhage, proliferation of vessels

153
Q

where is the thyroid located

A

behind and below the cricoid cartilage

154
Q

ways to test for diabetic neuropathy

A

tuning fork, monofilaments

155
Q

koplik spots seen in

A

rubeola

156
Q

leukoplakia

A

hairy tongue seen in EBV

157
Q

brown patches of pigmentation on face during pregnancy

A

melasma

158
Q

lab to help r/i or r/o hashimoto’s

A

antithyroid antibody

159
Q

TSH is released from

A

anterior lobe of pituitary

160
Q

thyroid feedback loop

A

hypothalamus releases TRH, anterior pituitary releases TSH, thyroid gland releases T3 and T4

Advanced Health Assessment (5 decks)

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