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Advanced Health Assessment > Test 1: head & neck > Flashcards

Test 1: head & neck Flashcards

1
Q

hirsutism (excessive facial hair) is seen in women with

A

polycystic ovary disease

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2
Q

clear mucus membrane that covers the eyeball

A

conjunctiva

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3
Q

the posterior part of the eye that can be seen with an ophthalmoscope.

A

fundus

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4
Q

nystagmus when looking laterally is caused by

A

fatigue

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5
Q

nystagmus when looking any other angle except laterally can be caused by

A

parkinsons

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6
Q

CN that controls downward inward rotation of the eye

A

CN 4 trochlear

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7
Q

CN that controls lateral movement of eye

A

CN 6- abducens

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8
Q

red inflamed lid margins

A

blepharitis

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9
Q

when inspecting the iris, if there is a crescentic shadow on the medial side, then suspect

A

narrow-angle glaucoma

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10
Q

absence of the red reflex indicates

A

cataract

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11
Q

is swelling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup

A

papilledema

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12
Q

arteries in the fundus appear as

A

light red with smaller diameter

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13
Q

veins in the fundus appear as

A

dark red with larger diamter

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14
Q

middle ear bones after TM

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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15
Q

ossicle that can be seen through otoscope

A

malleus

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16
Q

components of the middle ear

A

cochlea, semicircular canals, and auditory nerve of CN VIII

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17
Q

otitis externa can cause

A

conductive hearing loss

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18
Q

causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Meniere’s disease, presbycusis

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19
Q

way to test for otitis external

A

tug test: movement of auricle and tragus causes pain

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20
Q

characteristics of otitis externa through otoscpe

A

swollen, moist, pale, and tender.

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21
Q

characteristics of otitis media through otoscope

A

red bulging drum

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22
Q

sound is heard in the impaired ear during Weber test

A

unilateral conductive hearing loss

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23
Q

sound is heard in the good ear during Weber test

A

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

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24
Q

In viral rhinitis, the nasal mucosa is

A

reddened and swollen

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25
Q

in allergic rhinitis, the nasal mucosa is

A

pale, bluish, or red

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26
Q

s/s of acute sinusitis

A

tenderness, pain, fever, and nasal discharge

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27
Q

In CNX paralysis..

A

the soft palate fails to rise and uvula deviates

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28
Q

vision in corneal injury is

A

decreased

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29
Q

vision in conjunctivitis is

A

not affected

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30
Q

inward turning of the lower lid margin

A

entropion

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31
Q

outward turning of the lower lid margin

A

ectropion

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32
Q

A painful, tender, red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid

A

sty

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33
Q

A subacute, nontender, painless nodule that usually points inside the lid.

A

chalazion

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34
Q

chalazion involves a blocked

A

meibomian gland

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35
Q

A swelling b/t the lower eyelid and nose

A

dacryocystitis

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36
Q

acute dacrocystitis

A

painful, red, and tender

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37
Q

chronic dacryocystitis

A

tearing, pressure produces regurgitation of material.

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38
Q

grayish, white arc or circle at edge of cornea. Normal, esp in black people

A

corneal arcus

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39
Q

a superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea from injury or inflammation

A

corneal scar

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40
Q

acute otitis media is caused by

A

S. pneumonia and H. influenza

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41
Q

s/s of acute otitis media

A

earache, fever, bulging eardrum, and hearing loss

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42
Q

hearing loss that affects childhood and young adults

A

conductive hearing loss

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43
Q

hearing loss that affects middle or late adulthood

A

sensorineural hearing loss

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44
Q

causes of conductive hearing loss

A

perforated eardrum, otitis media, otosclerosis of ossicles

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45
Q

hearing improves in noisy enviornment

A

conductive hearing loss

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46
Q

hearing worsens in noisy environment and voice may be loud

A

sensorineural hearing loss

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47
Q

causes painful and recurrent vesicular eruptions on lips

A

HSV

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48
Q

healing for HSV cold sores

A

10-14 days

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49
Q

symptoms of group A streptococcal infection or mononucleosis

A

white exudate on tonsils, fever, enlarged cervical nodes

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50
Q

another word for canker sore

A

aphthous ulcer

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51
Q

isolated systolic hypertension is when SBP is greater than

A

140

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52
Q

carotid bruits are heard in

A

aortic stenosis and carotid stenosis

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53
Q

things that can increase risk of acute otitis media

A

smoke environment, day care, bottle feeding while supine, swimming, airplane traveling

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54
Q

if ear pain is bilateral, suspect

A

otitis externa

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55
Q

referred pain or pain of acute otitis media is usually

A

unilateral

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56
Q

most common cause of viral pharyngitis

A

rhinovirus

57
Q

most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis

A

GABHS

58
Q

most common cause of fungal pharyngitis

A

candida albicans

59
Q

peritonsillar abscess also known as

A

quinsy

60
Q

trismus seen with

A

peritonsillar abscess

61
Q

identifies the proportion of people who are true positives compared to the total number of people who have the disease

A

sensitivity

62
Q

When the sensitivity is high…

A

and the test result is Negative, you can be certain they don’t have the disease.

63
Q

when the specificity is high…

A

and the test result is positive, you can be certain they have the disease

64
Q

the proportion of true negatives compared with the total number of people w/o the disease

A

specificity

65
Q

a test with a high sensitivity but low specificity means

A

they are disease free but have the possibility that they have the disease

66
Q

positive and negative predictive value and dependent on

A

the prevalence of the disease.

67
Q

the proportion of people in a defined population at any given point in time who have the condition.

A

prevalence

68
Q

when these are high, the positive predictive value is high

A

prevalence, sensitivity and specificity

69
Q

probability of not having the disease when the test is negative.

A

negative predictive value

70
Q

major cause of hordeolum

A

staph aureus

71
Q

internal hordeolum

A

chalazion

72
Q

external hordeolum

A

sty

73
Q

exophthalmos is triggered by

A

autoreactive T lymphocytes

74
Q

when frontal headache is worse when bending forward

A

sinusitis

75
Q

laryngitis is associated with

A

viral infection, env. irritants, postnasal drainage

76
Q

chronic laryngitis may indicate

A

squamous cell carcinoma

77
Q

croup

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

78
Q

croup is caused by

A

parainfluenza 1 virus

79
Q

s/s of croup

A

fever, barking cough, stridor

80
Q

acute hoarseness is for

A

less than 2 weeks

81
Q

hoarsness can be a symptom of

A

hypothyroidism

82
Q

quinsy

A

peritonsillar abscess

83
Q

spasm of the masticatory muscles and difficulty opening the mouth

A

trismus

84
Q

symptoms of peritonsillar abscess

A

sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, trismus

85
Q

epidermal cyst of the middle ear or mastoid

A

cholesteaomas

86
Q

trx for cholesteaomas

A

immediate surgery

87
Q

epiglottis is caused by

A

haemophilus influenzae type b

88
Q

a bright red uvula and doughnut lesions indicate

A

GABHS

89
Q

these lymph nodes are tender in GABHS

A

anterior cervical

90
Q

these lymph nodes are tender in viral pharyngitis

A

posterior cervical

91
Q

physical exam done with mononucleosis

A

palpate abd for splenomegaly

92
Q

s/s of GABHS

A

fever > 101.5, tonsillar exudate, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy.

93
Q

s/s of mono

A

low grade fever, malaise, fatigue, mild sore throat, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy.

94
Q

people describe retinal detachment as

A

flash of light shortly before loss of vision.

95
Q

acute hoarseness

A

less than 2 weeks d/t viral URI

96
Q

sinusitis mostly caused by

A

S. pneumonia, H. influenza, rhinovirus

97
Q

s/s of corneal abrasions

A

severe pain, discharge, photophobia

98
Q

A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea

A

ptyergiums

99
Q

can be a sign of dental abscess

A

halitosis

100
Q

tenderness to first and secondary maxillary molars may indicate

A

maxillary sinusitis

101
Q

develops as a result of inflammation from voice abuse, allergies, or GERD. The voice quality is breathy.

A

vocal cord polyps

102
Q

later stages of lymphadema

A

indurated, hard, and nonpitting

103
Q

risk factors for macular degeneration

A

advanced age, family hx, smoking, HTN, hyperopia

104
Q

rapid vision loss with macular degernation

A

exudative form

105
Q

gradual vision loss with macular degeneration

A

nonexudative form

106
Q

patients with macular degeneration have this on retina near macular

A

hyaline (drusen) deposits

107
Q

when the cornea and lens of the eye focus the image in front of the retina

A

myopia (nearsightedness)

108
Q

when the focus of an image is behind the retina

A

hyperopia (farsightedness)

109
Q

When the neurosensory retina is separated from the retinal pigment epithelium.

A

retinal detachment

110
Q

common symptom with retinoblastoma

A

strabismus and absent red reflex

111
Q

retinoblastoma is

A

autosomal dominant

112
Q

Misalignment of the eyes that can lead to visual impairment.

A

strabismus

113
Q

strabismus is when

A

the corneal light reflex doesn’t fall on the same point in each eye

114
Q

General term used to describe inflammatory activity of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

A

uvelitis

115
Q

symptoms of uvelitis

A

decrease in vision, photophobia, and tearing

116
Q

reduced vision in a normal eye, “lazy eye”

A

amblyopia

117
Q

Irregularity in the refractive system of the eye that prevents light from being focused onto the retina

A

astigmatism

118
Q

Progressive condition resulting from incompetent arterioles or microinfarctions and allowing hard exudates to leak into the retina.

A

diabetic retinopathy

119
Q

glaucoma is due to

A

intraoptic pressure greater than 21 mmHg

120
Q

Ophthalmic exam for glaucoma reveals

A

cupping of the optic disc

121
Q

An infection of the soft tissue surrounding the air spaces in the mastoid bone and is connected to the middle ear space

A

mastoiditis

122
Q

usually occurs with otitis media with fever

A

mastoiditis

123
Q

common secondary cause of ear pain

A

TMJ disorder

124
Q

translucent grapelike growths that are mobile, rarely bleed, and prolapse into the nasal cavity.

A

nasal polyps

125
Q

rhinitis medicamentosa can be caused by

A

nasal decongestants, oral contraceptives, antihypertensives

126
Q

most common bacterial cause of otitis externa

A

pseudomonas

127
Q

spasm of the pupil

A

hippus

128
Q

trx for hippus

A

lowering the brightness on otoscope

129
Q

amsler grid

A

look at grid 15 in away, if they see curved or bent lines, they have macular degeneration

130
Q

flourescein staining can determine

A

corneal abrasion as foreign body will light up as bright green.

131
Q

important step in pneumatic otoscopy

A

good seal of speculum

132
Q

during pneumatic otoscopy, a normal ear will

A

move inward when air is introduced and move outward when air is removed.

133
Q

if TM fails to move during pneumatic otoscopy, then pt most likely has

A

otitis media with effusion

134
Q

provides an indirect pressure of the middle ear

A

tympanometry

135
Q

ask this before doing a RAST

A

if patient is on corticosteroids

136
Q

water’s view on sinus xray

A

head is tilted 45 degrees to look at maxillary sinus

137
Q

test to detect for mono

A

monospot

138
Q

monospot screens for these antibodies

A

heterophil

139
Q

monospot can detect antibodies at

A

2-3 weeks into illness

Advanced Health Assessment (5 decks)

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