Test 1: head & neck Flashcards
1
Q
hirsutism (excessive facial hair) is seen in women with
A
polycystic ovary disease
2
Q
clear mucus membrane that covers the eyeball
A
conjunctiva
3
Q
the posterior part of the eye that can be seen with an ophthalmoscope.
A
fundus
4
Q
nystagmus when looking laterally is caused by
A
fatigue
5
Q
nystagmus when looking any other angle except laterally can be caused by
A
parkinsons
6
Q
CN that controls downward inward rotation of the eye
A
CN 4 trochlear
7
Q
CN that controls lateral movement of eye
A
CN 6- abducens
8
Q
red inflamed lid margins
A
blepharitis
9
Q
when inspecting the iris, if there is a crescentic shadow on the medial side, then suspect
A
narrow-angle glaucoma
10
Q
absence of the red reflex indicates
A
cataract
11
Q
is swelling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup
A
papilledema
12
Q
arteries in the fundus appear as
A
light red with smaller diameter
13
Q
veins in the fundus appear as
A
dark red with larger diamter
14
Q
middle ear bones after TM
A
malleus, incus, stapes
15
Q
ossicle that can be seen through otoscope
A
malleus
16
Q
components of the middle ear
A
cochlea, semicircular canals, and auditory nerve of CN VIII
17
Q
otitis externa can cause
A
conductive hearing loss
18
Q
causes of sensorineural hearing loss
A
Meniere’s disease, presbycusis
19
Q
way to test for otitis external
A
tug test: movement of auricle and tragus causes pain
20
Q
characteristics of otitis externa through otoscpe
A
swollen, moist, pale, and tender.
21
Q
characteristics of otitis media through otoscope
A
red bulging drum
22
Q
sound is heard in the impaired ear during Weber test
A
unilateral conductive hearing loss
23
Q
sound is heard in the good ear during Weber test
A
unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
24
Q
In viral rhinitis, the nasal mucosa is
A
reddened and swollen
25
in allergic rhinitis, the nasal mucosa is
pale, bluish, or red
26
s/s of acute sinusitis
tenderness, pain, fever, and nasal discharge
27
In CNX paralysis..
the soft palate fails to rise and uvula deviates
28
vision in corneal injury is
decreased
29
vision in conjunctivitis is
not affected
30
inward turning of the lower lid margin
entropion
31
outward turning of the lower lid margin
ectropion
32
A painful, tender, red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid
sty
33
A subacute, nontender, painless nodule that usually points inside the lid.
chalazion
34
chalazion involves a blocked
meibomian gland
35
A swelling b/t the lower eyelid and nose
dacryocystitis
36
acute dacrocystitis
painful, red, and tender
37
chronic dacryocystitis
tearing, pressure produces regurgitation of material.
38
grayish, white arc or circle at edge of cornea. Normal, esp in black people
corneal arcus
39
a superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea from injury or inflammation
corneal scar
40
acute otitis media is caused by
S. pneumonia and H. influenza
41
s/s of acute otitis media
earache, fever, bulging eardrum, and hearing loss
42
hearing loss that affects childhood and young adults
conductive hearing loss
43
hearing loss that affects middle or late adulthood
sensorineural hearing loss
44
causes of conductive hearing loss
perforated eardrum, otitis media, otosclerosis of ossicles
45
hearing improves in noisy enviornment
conductive hearing loss
46
hearing worsens in noisy environment and voice may be loud
sensorineural hearing loss
47
causes painful and recurrent vesicular eruptions on lips
HSV
48
healing for HSV cold sores
10-14 days
49
symptoms of group A streptococcal infection or mononucleosis
white exudate on tonsils, fever, enlarged cervical nodes
50
another word for canker sore
aphthous ulcer
51
isolated systolic hypertension is when SBP is greater than
140
52
carotid bruits are heard in
aortic stenosis and carotid stenosis
53
things that can increase risk of acute otitis media
smoke environment, day care, bottle feeding while supine, swimming, airplane traveling
54
if ear pain is bilateral, suspect
otitis externa
55
referred pain or pain of acute otitis media is usually
unilateral
56
most common cause of viral pharyngitis
rhinovirus
57
most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis
GABHS
58
most common cause of fungal pharyngitis
candida albicans
59
peritonsillar abscess also known as
quinsy
60
trismus seen with
peritonsillar abscess
61
identifies the proportion of people who are true positives compared to the total number of people who have the disease
sensitivity
62
When the sensitivity is high...
and the test result is Negative, you can be certain they don't have the disease.
63
when the specificity is high...
and the test result is positive, you can be certain they have the disease
64
the proportion of true negatives compared with the total number of people w/o the disease
specificity
65
a test with a high sensitivity but low specificity means
they are disease free but have the possibility that they have the disease
66
positive and negative predictive value and dependent on
the prevalence of the disease.
67
the proportion of people in a defined population at any given point in time who have the condition.
prevalence
68
when these are high, the positive predictive value is high
prevalence, sensitivity and specificity
69
probability of not having the disease when the test is negative.
negative predictive value
70
major cause of hordeolum
staph aureus
71
internal hordeolum
chalazion
72
external hordeolum
sty
73
exophthalmos is triggered by
autoreactive T lymphocytes
74
when frontal headache is worse when bending forward
sinusitis
75
laryngitis is associated with
viral infection, env. irritants, postnasal drainage
76
chronic laryngitis may indicate
squamous cell carcinoma
77
croup
laryngotracheobronchitis
78
croup is caused by
parainfluenza 1 virus
79
s/s of croup
fever, barking cough, stridor
80
acute hoarseness is for
less than 2 weeks
81
hoarsness can be a symptom of
hypothyroidism
82
quinsy
peritonsillar abscess
83
spasm of the masticatory muscles and difficulty opening the mouth
trismus
84
symptoms of peritonsillar abscess
sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, trismus
85
epidermal cyst of the middle ear or mastoid
cholesteaomas
86
trx for cholesteaomas
immediate surgery
87
epiglottis is caused by
haemophilus influenzae type b
88
a bright red uvula and doughnut lesions indicate
GABHS
89
these lymph nodes are tender in GABHS
anterior cervical
90
these lymph nodes are tender in viral pharyngitis
posterior cervical
91
physical exam done with mononucleosis
palpate abd for splenomegaly
92
s/s of GABHS
fever > 101.5, tonsillar exudate, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy.
93
s/s of mono
low grade fever, malaise, fatigue, mild sore throat, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy.
94
people describe retinal detachment as
flash of light shortly before loss of vision.
95
acute hoarseness
less than 2 weeks d/t viral URI
96
sinusitis mostly caused by
S. pneumonia, H. influenza, rhinovirus
97
s/s of corneal abrasions
severe pain, discharge, photophobia
98
A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea
ptyergiums
99
can be a sign of dental abscess
halitosis
100
tenderness to first and secondary maxillary molars may indicate
maxillary sinusitis
101
develops as a result of inflammation from voice abuse, allergies, or GERD. The voice quality is breathy.
vocal cord polyps
102
later stages of lymphadema
indurated, hard, and nonpitting
103
risk factors for macular degeneration
advanced age, family hx, smoking, HTN, hyperopia
104
rapid vision loss with macular degernation
exudative form
105
gradual vision loss with macular degeneration
nonexudative form
106
patients with macular degeneration have this on retina near macular
hyaline (drusen) deposits
107
when the cornea and lens of the eye focus the image in front of the retina
myopia (nearsightedness)
108
when the focus of an image is behind the retina
hyperopia (farsightedness)
109
When the neurosensory retina is separated from the retinal pigment epithelium.
retinal detachment
110
common symptom with retinoblastoma
strabismus and absent red reflex
111
retinoblastoma is
autosomal dominant
112
Misalignment of the eyes that can lead to visual impairment.
strabismus
113
strabismus is when
the corneal light reflex doesn't fall on the same point in each eye
114
General term used to describe inflammatory activity of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
uvelitis
115
symptoms of uvelitis
decrease in vision, photophobia, and tearing
116
reduced vision in a normal eye, "lazy eye"
amblyopia
117
Irregularity in the refractive system of the eye that prevents light from being focused onto the retina
astigmatism
118
Progressive condition resulting from incompetent arterioles or microinfarctions and allowing hard exudates to leak into the retina.
diabetic retinopathy
119
glaucoma is due to
intraoptic pressure greater than 21 mmHg
120
Ophthalmic exam for glaucoma reveals
cupping of the optic disc
121
An infection of the soft tissue surrounding the air spaces in the mastoid bone and is connected to the middle ear space
mastoiditis
122
usually occurs with otitis media with fever
mastoiditis
123
common secondary cause of ear pain
TMJ disorder
124
translucent grapelike growths that are mobile, rarely bleed, and prolapse into the nasal cavity.
nasal polyps
125
rhinitis medicamentosa can be caused by
nasal decongestants, oral contraceptives, antihypertensives
126
most common bacterial cause of otitis externa
pseudomonas
127
spasm of the pupil
hippus
128
trx for hippus
lowering the brightness on otoscope
129
amsler grid
look at grid 15 in away, if they see curved or bent lines, they have macular degeneration
130
flourescein staining can determine
corneal abrasion as foreign body will light up as bright green.
131
important step in pneumatic otoscopy
good seal of speculum
132
during pneumatic otoscopy, a normal ear will
move inward when air is introduced and move outward when air is removed.
133
if TM fails to move during pneumatic otoscopy, then pt most likely has
otitis media with effusion
134
provides an indirect pressure of the middle ear
tympanometry
135
ask this before doing a RAST
if patient is on corticosteroids
136
water's view on sinus xray
head is tilted 45 degrees to look at maxillary sinus
137
test to detect for mono
monospot
138
monospot screens for these antibodies
heterophil
139
monospot can detect antibodies at
2-3 weeks into illness
