test 4 content Flashcards
heredity and the ability to learn
influences your ability, not direct intelligence just capacity as in the maze bright and maze dull rats who were bred to learn maze best (Tryon)
critical periods and the ability to learn
if something isn’t learned in a critical period, it won’t be learned like if dogs aren’t exposed to humans as puppies they won’t be very sociable
preparedness and the ability to learn
must be biologically “ready” to learn and may be predisposed to learn something or may go against instinctual grain and be contraprepared
Garcia’s work on taste aversion
it’s easier to learn that something is bad for you if it is associated with a flavor than with noise and light and shit
media violence and aggressive behavior
there is a correlation between violent tv viewing and aggression but we have a lot of unanswered things…don’t let your children watch shitty tv
competence of a model for learning
model must be viewed by observers as competent; learning is better when person is introduced as a professor rather than a student because prestige is attention-grabbing and weighty
similarity of a model for learning
best model for self-learning is actual self because yourself is the most similar self to your self. disabled kids watched edited videos of them doing things and then did them
consequences for a model for learning
if a model is rewarded or not punished for a behavior, it is likely that the behavior will be copied by observers
observer ability for learning
the observer should be developmentally able to enact whatever they are trying to copy- little kids aren’t the best at observational learning because they don’t have the attentional resources to watch and evaluate plus motor skills possibly not yet advanced
self esteem of observer for learning
higher self esteem means the observer thinks they can do it and so they imitate specifically with a particular goal in mind; low self esteem will imitate broadly just to be like the model as much as possible
consequences for observer for learning
the observer should feel a positive reaction upon watching model so they they feel motivation to do it themselves as well
ARMM needed for observational learning
Attention: you must be paying attention to behavior
Retention: you have to be able to remember behavior in order to copy it later
Motor production: must be physically capable of copying behavior
Motivation: must have a positive attitude and expectation of positive outcome of behavior
self-efficacy
beliefs about one’s abilities to organize and execute actions necessary to manage particular situations
high/low self-efficacy effects
low self-efficacy means the person is more likely to quit trying or think the task is too difficult, high self-efficacy means the person will have an easier time getting through task and will keep after goal if obstacles appear
mirror neurons
when watching someone perform an action, neurons are activated in the corresponding areas in the watcher’s brain
