Test 4 Boldterms Flashcards
Monody
a style of music that involved solo singing with simple instrumental accompaniment. it eventually became recitative but this was the early name for it
Bill of Rights
Influential document that stipulated only parliament to make laws and the king/queen cannot cancel them. Parliament must be called every three years, no army to be sent to battle against English citizens, people are
Classicism
french artistic culture that said paintings should be about serious subjects and should take lofty themes from mythology, history or the bible. the painters should present these subjects lucidly, straightforwardly, and free of clutter/excessive emotion.
Triple Alliance
formed by England, Sweden and Dutch Republic to stop French aggression.
Fronde
the civil war of 1648 where Mazarin fought and defeated a coalition of nobles and middle class citizens
second practice
particular freer use of dissonant harmonies. New dissonances to properly express meanings of the poems they set to music. suited to Opera
trio sonanta
a favored baroque genre was a piece for two high-ranged instruments (usually violin) and basso contnuo. The term trio comes from the fact that there were three written-out parts- two treble melodies and the bass line of the basso continuo. BUT since the basso required 2 players a Trio Sonanta actually needs 4 players.
heliocentric
the idea that the universe revolves around the sun and not the earth
Glorious Revolution
When England chased James 2 out and Dutch Protestants William and Mary were the new king and queen. They drafted the Bill of Rights
Florentine Camerata
a group of artists and intellectuals who first came up with the idea of creating stories told entirely through music
gravity
how bodies attract one another that can be measured mathematically. the intensity of gravity differed based on how large the masses were from each other
Court Ballets
presented dramatic stories in several acts, danced with music that included solo songs, choral numbers, and instrumental dance music
scientific method
carefully controlled experiments for measuring and testing hypotheses about the physical world.
Twenty- Four Violins of the King
first large violin ensemble- became the forerunner of the modern day symphony orchestra.
recitative
the conversational moments of an opera
mercantilism
system Colbert put into place that says in order for a nation to be powerful it must be wealthy, operate self-sufficiently, export more than it imports. revolutionized the French economy
geocentric
idea from Aristotle that the moon, stars, sun and planets all revolved around the earth
dualistic
a division between the material world and the human soul. the material world can be explained mathematically while the human soul cannot. Descartes argued this
binary dance form
contains two sections each repeated and produces the diagram AA BB.
Metaphysical poets
The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of English lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion.
radical skepticism
nothing should be free from doubt. not scripture or truths handed down by medieval Scholastics
balance of powers
Its basic tenet is that no single European power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of the continent and that this is best curtailed by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contend for power.
aria
the songs of the earliest operas
thirty years war
one the longest continually fought wars in modern history. Started out as Protestants vs Roman Catholics but turned into a struggle between Europe’s great powers. The war was fought almost entirely in the land we now call Germany.
The Restoration
Charles 2 and James 2 assumed the throne as kings after Cromwell had ruled.
deductive method
posing a general law first then inferring from it a set of particular truths
English Civil Wars
Parliaments army fighting the Kings army in the 1600s where anti-monarchy revolutionaries wanted England to become more like Greece or Rome
basso continuo
the accompaniment ensemble that was first created for the earliest operas
French overture
orchestral piece that The French overture is a musical form widely used in the Baroque period. Its basic formal division is into two parts, which are usually enclosed by double bars and repeat signs.
inductive method
general laws are discovered after carefully observing a set of empirical facts.
Grand Alliance
England, Spain, Holy Roman Empire, Sweden, Scotland all against France
laws of planetary motion (3)
- planets orbit the sun in an ellipse not circle 2.planets move at different speeds 3.the length of time a planet took to orbit the sun was related to its distance from the sun
royal absolutism
a form of government that gives all authority to a single individual. Monarchy for example
Edict of Nantes
gave Protestants a measure of toleration and helped sooth the decades long conflict between Catholics and Protestant Huguenots.
PopeSixtus V
ambitious and ruthless man who dedicated his papacy to making Rome a worthy capital for Counter-Reformation. Sponsored new building and tore down whatever got in his way
