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A&P Midterm Study Cards > Test #4 > Flashcards

Test #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining of the medullary cavity

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2
Q

Organic matrix of bone

A

Inorganic salts
Organic matrix
Collagenous fibers

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3
Q

Functions of the bone

A

Support - bones from the framework of the body and contribute to the shape, alignment, and positioning of body parts, ligaments help hold bones together.
Protection - bony “boxes” protect the delicate structure they enclose.
Movement - bones and their joints constitute levers that move as muscles contract.
Mineral storage - bones are the major reservoir for calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals.
Hematopoiesis - blood cell formation is carried out by myeloid tissue.

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4
Q

The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are

A

Osteoblasts

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5
Q

What cell organelles synthesize organic matrix substances?

A

Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

Small spaces in which bones cells lie are called

A

Lacunae

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7
Q

The basic structural unit of compact bone is

A

Osteon also known as haversian system

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8
Q

The bones in an adult that contain red marrow are

A

Ribs
Pelvis
Femur

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9
Q

An attachment for muscle fibers

A

Periosteum

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10
Q

Five types of bones

A 
Long 
Short 
Irregular 
Flat 
Sesamoid
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11
Q

The primary purpose of epiphyseal plate is

A

Lengthening of long bones

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12
Q

Primary ossification center is located at the

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of

A

Chondrocytes

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14
Q

Bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of

A

35-40 years

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15
Q

The first step to healing a bone fracture is

A

Fracture hematoma formation

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16
Q

Low blood calcium evokes a response from

A

Parathyroid hormone

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17
Q

The addition of bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called

A

Appositional growth

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18
Q

Calcitonin functions

A

To stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts

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19
Q

The fibrous covering of cartilage is

A

Perichondrium

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20
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Compose the external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tube

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21
Q

The intervertebral discs are composed of

A

Fibrocartilage

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22
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

A malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts

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23
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

The most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue

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24
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Common bone disease often occurring in post menopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porous, brittle, and fragile bone

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25
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Also known as osteitis deformans

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26
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

A bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue

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27
Q

Trabeculae

A

Crisscrossing bony branches of spongy bone

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28
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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29
Q

Canaliculi

A

Connect lacunae

30
Q

Lamellae

A

Ring of bone

31
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilage cells

32
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Used to describe the process of blood cell formation

33
Q

Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in

A

Red bone marrow

34
Q

Axial skeleton contains how many bones

A

80

35
Q

Appendicular skeleton contains how many bones

A

126

36
Q

The Squamous suture connects which two bones

A

The temporal and sphenoid

37
Q

The mastoid sinuses are found in which bone

A

Temporal

38
Q

A meatus can be described as a

A

Tube like opening or channel

39
Q

Separation of the nasal and cranial cavities is achieved by the

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

40
Q

Bones of the orbit include

A

Frontal
Lacrimal
Ethmoid

41
Q

Lamina is a posterior portion of the

A

Vertebra

42
Q

The dens projects from the body of the

A

Second vertebra

43
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

A

12

44
Q

How many pairs of true ribs do we got?

A

7

45
Q

How many pairs of false ribs do we have?

A

5

46
Q

Another name for hunchback is

A

Kyphosis

47
Q

The coronoid fossa is a

A

Depression on the humerus

48
Q

The arm socket is the

A

Glenoid cavity

49
Q

The strongest and lowermost portion of the coxal bone is

A

Ischium

50
Q

During childbirth the infant passes through an imaginary plane called

A

Pelvic outlet

51
Q

What is a synonym for shoulder girdle

A

Pectoral girdle

52
Q

The heel bone is the

A

Calcaneus

53
Q

Bones vary in their proportions of two types of bone tissue

A

Compact bone and cancellous (spongy) bone

54
Q

Attaches tendons firmly to bones and contains blood vessels important in growth and repair

A

Periosteum

55
Q

Cranial flat bones have an internal table and an external table of compact bone, between them is an inner region of cancellous bone called

A

Diploe

56
Q

Calcification

A

Process by which hydroxyapatite crystals are formed.

Magnesium, sodium, sulfate, and fluoride are also found in bone

57
Q

Osteon/Haversian canals run lengthwise through bone and are connected by (volkmann) canals

A

Structure of compact bone

58
Q

Structures that make up each osteon

A

Lamellae
Concentric
Interstitial ( left over from previous osteon)
Circumferential

59
Q

Function of osteons

A

Permit the delivery of nutrients

The removal of waste products

60
Q

Osteoclasts are responsible for

A

Active erosion of bone minerals

61
Q

Appositional growth

A

Occurs through the addition osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone

62
Q

A primary ossification center

A

Forms when a blood vessel enters the rapidly changing cartilage model at midpoint of the diaphysis

63
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

forms the costal cartilage rings in the trachea bronchial of the lungs and tip of the nose

64
Q

The epiphyseal plate is composed of four layers

A

“Resting” cartilage cells
Zone of proliferation
Zone of hypertrophy
Zone of calcification

65
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Enlarge the diameter of the medullary cavity

66
Q

The lambdoid suture is formed by the

A

Parietal bones and the occipital bone

67
Q

The maxilla articulates with

A

Nasal, zygomatic, inferior conchae, and the palatine bones
The mandible is the only facial bone that does not articulate with the maxilla
The mandible is the largest strongest bone of the face

68
Q

The zygomatic bone articulates with 4 other facial bones

A 
Maxillary 
Temporal 
Frontal 
Sphenoid 
The zygomatic bone is also called the malar bone
69
Q

All but the sacrum and coccyx have a

A

Vertebral foramen

70
Q

The distal epiphysis of the humerus has 4 projections

A

The medial and lateral epicondytes
The capitulum
The trochlea

71
Q

The pubis is the most

A

Anterior bone

72
Q

The pubic arch in the male

A

Is less than a 90 degree angle

A&P Midterm Study Cards (2 decks)

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