Test #4

Question 1

Endosteum

Answer 1

Lining of the medullary cavity

Question 2

Organic matrix of bone

Answer 2

Inorganic salts
Organic matrix
Collagenous fibers

Question 3

Functions of the bone

Answer 3

Support - bones from the framework of the body and contribute to the shape, alignment, and positioning of body parts, ligaments help hold bones together.
Protection - bony “boxes” protect the delicate structure they enclose.
Movement - bones and their joints constitute levers that move as muscles contract.
Mineral storage - bones are the major reservoir for calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals.
Hematopoiesis - blood cell formation is carried out by myeloid tissue.

Question 4

The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are

Answer 4

Osteoblasts

Question 5

What cell organelles synthesize organic matrix substances?

Answer 5

Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Small spaces in which bones cells lie are called

Answer 6

Lacunae

Question 7

The basic structural unit of compact bone is

Answer 7

Osteon also known as haversian system

Question 8

The bones in an adult that contain red marrow are

Answer 8

Ribs
Pelvis
Femur

Question 9

An attachment for muscle fibers

Answer 9

Periosteum

Question 10

Five types of bones

Answer 10

Long 
Short 
Irregular 
Flat 
Sesamoid

Question 11

The primary purpose of epiphyseal plate is

Answer 11

Lengthening of long bones

Question 12

Primary ossification center is located at the

Answer 12

Diaphysis

Question 13

The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of

Answer 13

Chondrocytes

Question 14

Bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of

Answer 14

35-40 years

Question 15

The first step to healing a bone fracture is

Answer 15

Fracture hematoma formation

Question 16

Low blood calcium evokes a response from

Answer 16

Parathyroid hormone

Question 17

The addition of bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called

Answer 17

Appositional growth

Question 18

Calcitonin functions

Answer 18

To stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts

Question 19

The fibrous covering of cartilage is

Answer 19

Perichondrium

Question 20

Elastic cartilage

Answer 20

Compose the external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tube

Question 21

The intervertebral discs are composed of

Answer 21

Fibrocartilage

Question 22

Chondrosarcoma

Answer 22

A malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts

Question 23

Osteosarcoma

Answer 23

The most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue

Question 24

Osteoporosis

Answer 24

Common bone disease often occurring in post menopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porous, brittle, and fragile bone

Question 25

Paget's disease

Answer 25

Also known as osteitis deformans

Question 26

Osteomyelitis

Answer 26

A bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue

Question 27

Trabeculae

Answer 27

Crisscrossing bony branches of spongy bone

Question 28

Osteocytes

Answer 28

Mature bone cells

Question 29

Canaliculi

Answer 29

Connect lacunae

Question 30

Lamellae

Answer 30

Ring of bone

Question 31

Chondrocytes

Answer 31

Cartilage cells

Question 32

Hematopoiesis

Answer 32

Used to describe the process of blood cell formation

Question 33

Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in

Answer 33

Red bone marrow

Question 34

Axial skeleton contains how many bones

Answer 34

80

Question 35

Appendicular skeleton contains how many bones

Answer 35

126

Question 36

The Squamous suture connects which two bones

Answer 36

The temporal and sphenoid

Question 37

The mastoid sinuses are found in which bone

Answer 37

Temporal

Question 38

A meatus can be described as a

Answer 38

Tube like opening or channel

Question 39

Separation of the nasal and cranial cavities is achieved by the

Answer 39

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 40

Bones of the orbit include

Answer 40

Frontal Lacrimal Ethmoid

Question 41

Lamina is a posterior portion of the

Answer 41

Vertebra

Question 42

The dens projects from the body of the

Answer 42

Second vertebra

Question 43

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Answer 43

12

Question 44

How many pairs of true ribs do we got?

Answer 44

7

Question 45

How many pairs of false ribs do we have?

Answer 45

5

Question 46

Another name for hunchback is

Answer 46

Kyphosis

Question 47

The coronoid fossa is a

Answer 47

Depression on the humerus

Question 48

The arm socket is the

Answer 48

Glenoid cavity

Question 49

The strongest and lowermost portion of the coxal bone is

Answer 49

Ischium

Question 50

During childbirth the infant passes through an imaginary plane called

Answer 50

Pelvic outlet

Question 51

What is a synonym for shoulder girdle

Answer 51

Pectoral girdle

Question 52

The heel bone is the

Answer 52

Calcaneus

Question 53

Bones vary in their proportions of two types of bone tissue

Answer 53

Compact bone and cancellous (spongy) bone

Question 54

Attaches tendons firmly to bones and contains blood vessels important in growth and repair

Answer 54

Periosteum

Question 55

Cranial flat bones have an internal table and an external table of compact bone, between them is an inner region of cancellous bone called

Answer 55

Diploe

Question 56

Calcification

Answer 56

Process by which hydroxyapatite crystals are formed. | Magnesium, sodium, sulfate, and fluoride are also found in bone

Question 57

Osteon/Haversian canals run lengthwise through bone and are connected by (volkmann) canals

Answer 57

Structure of compact bone

Question 58

Structures that make up each osteon

Answer 58

Lamellae Concentric Interstitial ( left over from previous osteon) Circumferential

Question 59

Function of osteons

Answer 59

Permit the delivery of nutrients | The removal of waste products

Question 60

Osteoclasts are responsible for

Answer 60

Active erosion of bone minerals

Question 61

Appositional growth

Answer 61

Occurs through the addition osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone

Question 62

A primary ossification center

Answer 62

Forms when a blood vessel enters the rapidly changing cartilage model at midpoint of the diaphysis

Question 63

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 63

forms the costal cartilage rings in the trachea bronchial of the lungs and tip of the nose

Question 64

The epiphyseal plate is composed of four layers

Answer 64

"Resting" cartilage cells Zone of proliferation Zone of hypertrophy Zone of calcification

Question 65

Osteoclasts

Answer 65

Enlarge the diameter of the medullary cavity

Question 66

The lambdoid suture is formed by the

Answer 66

Parietal bones and the occipital bone

Question 67

The maxilla articulates with

Answer 67

Nasal, zygomatic, inferior conchae, and the palatine bones The mandible is the only facial bone that does not articulate with the maxilla The mandible is the largest strongest bone of the face

Question 68

The zygomatic bone articulates with 4 other facial bones

Answer 68

``` Maxillary Temporal Frontal Sphenoid The zygomatic bone is also called the malar bone ```

Question 69

All but the sacrum and coccyx have a

Answer 69

Vertebral foramen

Question 70

The distal epiphysis of the humerus has 4 projections

Answer 70

The medial and lateral epicondytes The capitulum The trochlea

Question 71

The pubis is the most

Answer 71

Anterior bone

Question 72

The pubic arch in the male

Answer 72

Is less than a 90 degree angle