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NUR 401 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of economics that focuses on efficiency, effectiveness, and behavior in the production and consumption of healthcare goods and services

A

healthcare economics

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2
Q

The study and science of how much needs are perceived in relationshi pto the available supply of health care.

A

healthcare economics

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3
Q

Unique differences between healthcare economics and other types of economics

A

involvement of government
intractable uncertainty
barriers to accessing services
role of third party agents in brokering and managing funds

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4
Q

Based on what one has to give up to buy a good or service, also based on available dollars and need

A

Price

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5
Q

The amount that is available at a specific price

A

supply

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6
Q

Includes all healthcare workers, the physical facilities for patient care, materials, equipment, technology, financial assets, and the time resources required to provide health services

A

supply

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7
Q

Includes those items that are used once and then discarded

A

material supplies

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8
Q

affected by the types of services provided, the access to supplies, and the cost of supplies

A

material supply levels

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9
Q

A significant supply resource that is often overlooked

A

time

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10
Q

generated by the number of consumers who desire the available goods at a certain price

A

demand

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11
Q

the desire to own a good or service

A

demand

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12
Q

demand is influenced by:

A

available resources
prices of related goods
number of interested buyers
consumer’s preferences

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13
Q

As price increases, the demand for a good or service __-

A

decreases

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14
Q

As the quantity of good or supple increases, the price ____

A

decreases

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15
Q

5 Resource categories:

A

human, fiscal, material, technology & time

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16
Q

Type of resource that includes those individuals who provide direct patient care as well as those who support patient care processes

A

human resources

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17
Q

comprehensive management of HR includes:

A

the recruitment, management, and retention of human resources

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18
Q

based on the defined or anticipated needs for services

A

recruitment

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19
Q

An ___ ___ ____ negatively affects the supply and demand cycle

A

ineffective recruitment process

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20
Q

5 retention concepts implemented by Hinson and Spatz:

A 
onboarding
employer rounding
social networking
employee recognition
developmental stretch assignments
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21
Q

The early proceses of socializing nurses into the owkrplace to achieve optimal employee engagement.

A

onboarding

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22
Q

regular rounding in work areas to identify employees’ most critical needs, safety issues, and clinical concerns

A

employer rounding

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23
Q

specific social activities to support team building, seasonal challenges, and common needs

A

social networking

24
Q

Acknowledgment of outstanding behaviors, communication, accountability, valuing diversity, delivering excellence, and teamwork.

A

employee recognition

25
Q

Assignments to improve employee satisfaction and engagement through autonomy and leadership practices.

A

developmental stretch assignments

26
Q

The payment of premiums to provide coverage for insured individuals

A

financing

27
Q

The vehicle to manage risk across populations

A

insurance

28
Q

Provision of healthcare services by providers, hospitals, diagnostic clinics, and suppliers

A

delivery

29
Q

the process of reimbursement to providers for services rendered

A

payment

30
Q

The current US financial system for health care includes:

A

financing, insurance, delivery, and payment

31
Q

The major financiers of health care are:

A

state/federal government & private insurance companies

32
Q

___ ____ include those items needed for the environment and supplies and equipment to provide the required patient care.

A

material resources

33
Q

Strategies for time management:

A

self-assessment
Develop a personal plan
Review/assess results

34
Q

A long-standing quantitative measure of the efficiency of the use of specific resources.

A

productivity measurement

35
Q

A ratio comparing what is produced to what is required to produce it.

A

productivity

36
Q

A measure of output from a production process, per unit of input.

A

productivity

37
Q

Performed to determine the worth or value derived from expending resources

A

cost-benefit analysis

38
Q

5 types of value analyses that should be considered when expending resources:

A 
Cost-minimization analysis
Cost-consequences analysis
Cost-effective analysis
Cost-utility analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
39
Q

Emphasis is on keeping costs as low as possible
Only costs are evaluated
Clinical outcomes are assumed to be the same
Example: practice guidelines for thrombolytic therapy via TPA

A

Cost-minimization analysis

40
Q

Consequences of two or more alternatives are measured as well as the costs, but costs/consequences are listed separately.
Ex: Comparison of early D/C of low birth weight infants whose care was managed by advanced practice nurses compared to traditional physician care

A

Cost-consequences analysis

41
Q

Outcomes are measured in the same units between alternatives.
Ex: evaluation of pain management interventions for patients with chronic arthritis

A

Cost-effectiveness analysis

42
Q

Special type of CEA that includes measures of both quantity and quality of life.
Individual preferences for different health outcomes are sought and included.
A difficult comparison; the goal is to compare expenditures to quality adjusted life-years

A

cost-utility analysis

43
Q

Outcomes are measured according to some monetary unit.
A single dollar figure, representing cost minus benefits, is calculated.
Ex: Is the cost of a pain management clinic covered by the amount of revenue generated? Cost: $500 revenue: $750 = 50% return on investment

A

Cost-benefit analysis

44
Q

In a well functioning system, the creation of ______ should be the factor that determines which rewards are received by all others in that healthcare system.

A

value for the patient

45
Q

Porter states that the overarching goal of healthcare delivery is:

A

delivery of high-quality value for every dollar spent.

46
Q

Healthcare is shifting from a ___ model to a ___ system

A

quantitatively oriented, financial

Value-driven

47
Q

____ can be conceptualized on the basis of what the specific caregiver role contributes to the overall organizational outcomes.

A

Value

48
Q

One of the foundational principles of negotiation

A

win-win

49
Q

Essential principles for a positive negotiation:

A 
understand your own position
collect data on the other's position
concession is a strategy, not a loss
the solution must be mutual
expect to be surprised
exchange must be thought fair by stakeholders
50
Q

Stages of a negotiation:

A 
Readying for negotiation
Establishing a framework
Intensive interaction
Bargaining
Closing the interaction
Implementing the agreement
51
Q

____ is always the source of power in the negotiation process.

A

Information

52
Q

Preparation for negotiation should be free from ___

A

emotion

53
Q

BATNA

A

Best alternative to a negotiated agreement

54
Q

negotiation is a ___ not an, ___

A

process; event

55
Q

Refers to when early agreements on a particular issue of conflict can provide the floor for subsequent clarity and agreement on more difficult issues.

A

chunking

56
Q

Proposals in negotiation should be:

A

broad based, open ended, and exploratory

57
Q

Occurs when the negotiator attempts to bargain in a way that supports his or her position as the most correct

A

positional bargaining

NUR 401 (2 decks)

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