Test 4 Flashcards
Biopsychosocial Model
a model of health that integrates the effects of biological behavioral, and social factors on health and illness
Anorexia Nervosa
severely restricted eating
Bulimia Nervousa
episodes of binging followed by purging (vomit, excessive exercise)
Binge-Eating Disorder
Periods of high consumption iwth feel of loss of control
Stress
Perceived threat to well being.
Stressor
An environmental event or stimulus that threatens an organism
Stress Response
Physical, behavioral, and / or psychological responses to stressors
Major life Stressors
Large disruptions, especially unpredictable and uncontrollable catastrophic events that affect central areas of peoples lives
Daily Hassels
Everyday irritations that cause small disruptions. The effects of which can add up to a large impact on health
General Adaptation Syndrome
A consistent pattern of physical responses to stress that consists of 3 stages: Alarm, Resistance, and exhaustion.
Stressor Introduced. We have an alarm reaction. Body tried to resist stress. If stress is removed, body goes back to normal. If stress contunites, body loses ability to resist (exhaustion stage).
Type A Behavior Pattern
Personality traits characterized by competitiveness, achievement, orientation, aggressiveness, hostility, restlessness, impatience with others, and inability to relax
Type B Behavior Pattern
Personality traits characterized by being noncompetitive, relaxed, easygoing, and accommodatin
Emotion-Focused Coping
A type of coping in which people try to prevent having emotional response to a stressor
Problem-Focused Coping
A type of coping where people take direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor
Personality
The characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances
Psychodynamic Theory
Freudian theory that unconscious forces determine behavior
Behavior is driven by three forces. 1. Conscious- what were aware of. 2 Precociousness- not currently thinking of but can easily be brought to mind if you’re prompter ex) family vacation from when you’re little.. 3. Unconscious- bulk of out mind, things we are not aware of ex) child going to hospital had to be separation from parents now has separation.
Id
In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure
principle.
Do what feels good now ex) sitting in class hungry-> leave class immediately to go eat
Superego
In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that reflects the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct.
represents our conscious - tells us what is right v. wrong.
ex) If youre going to get a snack its going to be after class and healthy
Ego
In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the superego.
organized, rational, planful. instead of getting up now, wait until class is over
Defense Mechanisms
Unconscious mental strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress
Humanistic Approaches
Ways of studying personality that emphasize self-actualization where people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding
Trait Approaches
Ways of studying personality that are based on peoples characteristics, their tendencies to act in a certain way overtime ,and across circumstances
Temperament
Biologically based tendency to feel or act in certain ways
Situationism
The theory that behavior is determined more by situations that by personality traits
Interactionists
Theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying traits
Psychopathology
Post traumatic stress disorder. Intrusive memories of trauma. Avoidance of reminders of trauma. Increased physical arousal (easily startled, nightmare, etc.
Etiology
Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder
Phobia
Fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion with any actual threat
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive apprehension nearly all of the time. Not about a particular object of situation. Disrupts life
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror. Attacks out of the blue.. Pounding heart, sweating, nausea, ect.
Agoraphobia
Fear of being in open public places
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Repetitive thoughts, behaviors, inability to control the above
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
A mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma
Major Depressive Disorder
emotional- overwhelming sadness, hopelessness, irritability, lost of interest and pleasure.
Behavioral- crying withdrawing
Cognitive- thought process slowed difficulty concentrating, indecision
Physical- very low energy, restlessness, changed in eating or sleeping
Bipolar 1 Disorder
Mood disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes
Bipolar 2 Disorder
Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods
Schizophrenia
A physiological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion where a person has difficulty distinguishing whether altered thoughts, perceptions, and conscious experiences are real verses what are imagined
Positive Symptoms
symptoms of Schizophrenia that are marked by excesses in functioning such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech of behavior
Negative Symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by restricted emotional expression, low motivation, goal-directed activity, no cure but medicine can help reduce symptoms
Delussions
False beliefs based on incorrect inferences aobut reality
Hallucinations
False sensory perceptions that are experiences with out an external source
Borderline Personality Disorder
unstable relationships, impulsive, poor self image, “emptiness” ex) idolizing -> hatred
Antisocial Personality Disorder
disregard for others
Dissociative Identity Disorder
The occurrence of tow or more distinct identities in the same individual
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A development disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interests
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
A disorder characterized by excessive activity or fidgeting, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness
Psychotherapy
Treatment for psychological disorders where a therapist works with clients to help them understands their problems and work towards solutions
Psychodynamic Therapy/ Psychoanalysis
Identify defense mechanisms, determine sources of anxiety by revealing unconscious. Identify other coping strategies so defense mechanisms are not necessary
Humanistic / Client- Centered Therapy
listen with empathy, give unconditional positive regard
Behavior therapy
Reinforce healthy behavior, change environment to extinguish unwanted behaviors.
Cognitive Therapy
treatment for physiological disorders where a therapist works with clients to help them change disturbed thought patterns that produce maladaptive behaviors and emotion
Biological Therapy
Treatment for psychological disorders that is based on medical approaches to illness and disease
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Look for patterens of thinking that cause problems. 1. Making Assumptions. 2- Unrealistic expectations. 3 - Exaggerations. Replace faulty thoughts with more realistic healthy ones.
Psychotropic Medications
drugs that affect mental processes and that can be used to treat psychological disorders
Electroconvulsive Therapy
treatment for psychological disorders that involve administering a strand electrical current to the clients brain to produce a seizure. It is effective in some cases of severe depression
Phototherapy
treatment for seasonal effective disorder thought which the client is exposed to high intensity light each day
Dialectical Behavior therapy
form of therapy used to teat borderline personality disorder
Applied Behavior Analysis
An intensive behavior therapy for autism; this treatment is based on opperant conditioning
