test 4 Flashcards
What year was the romantic period through?
1820-1900
romanticism
important in poetry, literature and music
Who elevated music to be a vehicle of self-expression
beethoven
self-expression, artistic freedom
characteristic of romantic music
growing importance of instrumental music
characteristic of romantic music
transformation, not total rejection of symphonic forms
characteristic of romantic music
dominance of concert hall- issues it brought of audience v. composer
characteristics of romantic music
romantic period themes of “Romantic” - not just “love”, nature, macabre, revolt, etc.
characteristic of romantic music
virtuoso
characteristic of romantic music
thematic unity and thematic transformation
characteristic of romantic music
robbed time
- tempo speeds up then slows down
- melody can move in and out of phase with beat
rubato
a sign of individual expressivity
rubato
reflected romantic “blurring” tendency
rubato
use all notes of chromatic scale
chromaticism
wider ranges, more dramatic
melody
to accompany melody and is also for its own sake
harmony
more creative combinations of instruments, new timbres on the piano
tone color
wide variety ,extremes. sudden shifts. orchestra size grew
dynamics
conductor
standard in orchestra now
(program music)
single movement, often still based on sonata form
concert overture
(program music)
multi movement
program symphony
(program music)
single movement, no prescribed form
symphonic (tone) poem
particularly the lied and the character pieces for the piano
miniatures
pieces that last only a few minutes
miniature compositions
convey a particular, momentary emotion
miniature compositions
dramatically opposed to miniatures
grandiose compositions
more movements, more instruments, longer time spans, than miniature compositions
grandiose compositions
often blended poetry, philosophical or religious ideas, and drama
grandiose compositions
composed almost exclusively for piano, innovative timbres, Nocturne in F
Chopin
“fixed idea” a term popular in medical literature of the day
Idee fixe
3 kinds: strophic, through-composed and a combination of both of these
lied
accompanied by piano
lied
usually romantic poem
lied
intimate and personal mood
lied
most important of the miniatures
lied
most prominent solo instrument
piano
piano (greatest piano virtuoso of the of the 19th century); had influence on program music
Liszt
brother and sister, Jewish composers
Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn
flourished all over Europe
Romantic Opera
Verdi in his Aida
Italian Opera
“Beautiful singing” most important background, general story, video clip
Bel Canto
Wagner and his The Valkyrie from the Ring
German Opera
“music drama”
German opera characteristic
guiding or leading motives
-associated with a person, thing or idea or symbol in the drama
leitmotivs
German Opera
made use of dramatic transformation
-pioneered by Liszt in symphonic poems
leitmotivs
German Opera
total work of art
Gesamtkunstwerk
Romeo and Juliet, Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and Sleeping Beauty
Tchaikovsky
Pictures at and Exposition Nationalism
Modest Musorgsky
used folk music as one element
modest musorgsky
designed to evoke the sounds of the composer’s native lands
modest musorgsky
Russian kushka (not each member by name)
modest musorgsky
returned to older structures; Viennese Classism and Violin Concerto in D
Brahms
Late Romanticism
“nostalgia” important, huge orchestras, great orchestrator and his Symphony No. 1
Mahler
