Test 4 Flashcards
The peripheral auditory system runs from where to where?
- from the outer ear to the auditory nerve
The central auditory nervous system runs from where to where?
- from the cochlear nucleus to the auditory complex
Where is the auditory complex?
- in the temporal lobe
How many auditory nerves are in the cochlear?
30,000
How many auditory nerves are in the vestibular?
20,000
What is the outer core known as?
- the basal turn
What is the inner core known as?
- the apical turn
Where does the auditory nerve exit through the cochlea?
- internal auditory meatus
Where does the auditory nerve terminate?
- ponto-medullary junction
What is also known as the first nuclei?
- cochlear nucleus
What happens at the dorsal end of the cochlear nucleus?
- the auditory nerve’s ascending branch terminates at the dorsal end
What happens at the ventral portion of the cochlear nucleus?
- the auditory nerve’s descending branch terminates in the ventral portion
Describe anteroventral portion of the cochlear nucleus?
ask Laci
Describe the posteroventral portion of the cochlear nucleus.
ask Laci
What connects with the superior olivary complex?
ask Laci
What are the two primary nuclei of the superior olivary complex?
- medial superior olive (MSO)
- lateral superior olive (LSO)
Where does the ipsi and contra input come from?
- the cochlear nucleus
What is the first site of binaural interaction responsible for?
- for localization and stapedial reflex function
What is another name for the nuclei of the superior olivary complex?
- mid pontine nuclei
What is another name for the nuclei of lateral lemniscus?
- upper pontine
What does the dorsal portion of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus do?
- it responds to low frequencies
What does the ventral portion of the lateral lemniscus do?
- responds to high frequencies
Where does the lateral lemniscus receive most of the contralateral fibers from?
- the cochlear nucleus
What is another name for the inferior colliculus?
- mid brain nuclei
What kind of center is the inferior colliculus considered?
- a major binaural center
Where does the inferior colliculus receive ipsi and contra fibers?
- from the superior olivary complex and the lateral lemniscus
What does the inferior colliculus connect with? And through which tract does it do this?
- medial geniculate body through a major tract called the “brachium”
What are the 3 nuclei of the medial geniculate body-thalamic nuclei?
- dorsal
- ventral
- medial
What portion of the medial geniculate body is sensitive to high frequencies?
- ventral medial geniculate body
What is auditory radiation?
- when the auditory nerve fibers from the medial geniculate body-thalamic nuclei fan out fibers to the auditory cortex
What is another name for the auditory cortex?
- heschl’s gyrus
Where is the auditory cortex (hechl’s gyrus) located?
- temporal lobe
List the central auditory processing skills.
- localization
- speech understanding in noise
- auditory closure
- auditory memory
- temporal aspects of speech
- prosody
- intonation - Binaural integration
- Binaural separation
- Following simple and complex multi-step directions
Localization
- localize where the sounds are; turn in the right direction to the noise
Speech understanding in noise
- able to hear teacher in classroom while other noises are going on
Auditory closure
- our ability to fill in the gaps of a conversation
Auditory memory
- our ability to remember things auditorally
What are the 2 temporal aspects of speech?
- prosody
- intonation
Binaural integration
- SAC
- inferior colliculus
- able to integrate information coming from both ears
Binaural separation
- the ability to separate what is going on in the left ear and the right ear at the same time. Ex. someone is talking to you while you are on the phone.
Following simple and complex multi-step directions
- following directions given to you auditorally
What are the nonpathological variables that affect EOAEs.
- probe fit
- noise floor (internal and external)
- ear differences
- age
- gender
- suppression effects of the OCB
What is the average TEOAE value for a newborn?
- around 18 to 20 dB SPL
What is the average TEOAE values for an adult male?
- around 8 to 13dB SPL
What is the average TEOAE values for an adult female?
- around 10 to 15dB SPL
Another criteria for autoacoustic emissions?
- autoacoustic emission has to be 6db higher than the biological flow
If TEOAEs are given in a quiet condition minus TEOAE noise condition, with 13dB SPL is in quiet and 10dB SPL in noise. What is the level of suppression?
- suppression effect in dB SPL = 3 dB SPL
What is normal level of suppression effect equivalent to?
- normal functioning in the efferent system
What kind of efferent system exists with below normal suppression?
- inefficient efferent system
What results from an inefficient efferent system?
- difficulty hearing in noise
What types of clients would you expect to have below normal suppression effect?
- common complaint with aging clients (presbycusis)
- children with auditory processing disorder (APD)
What was the research objective for Dr. Partha’s experiment 1?
- evaluate the effect of age on TEOAEs amplitude by controlling for the degree of peripheral HI
What was the research objective for Dr. Partha’s experiement 2?
- evaluate changes in the contralateral suppression effect as a function of age in TEOAEs amplitude at varying levels of BBN (40-70dB)
Explain the method subject criteria.
Audiometric selection criteria
- 20 dB HL or Less (0.25 - 8.0 kHz)
- normal tymps, ipsilateral and contralateral reflexes
- SD (quiet): 90% or more
Negative History
- ototoxic drug treatment; noise exposure and middle ear disease
Fourier analysis?
- amplitude over frequency
What was the conclusion for Experiment 1?
- when the degree of peripheral HI is controlled, the effect of age in TEOAEs amplitude is clinically insignificant
- age-adjusted norms are not required in the clinical interpretation of TOEAs amplitude
