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Biology (Bella) > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where bones meet

A

joint

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2
Q

where fingers meet the hand

A

ellipsoid joint

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3
Q

most freely movable joint

A

ball-and-socket

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4
Q

joint that allows movement in 1 plane

A

hinge joint

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5
Q

inflammation of the joints

A

arthiritis

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6
Q

muscles that are not under conscious control

A

involuntary

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7
Q

muscles under conscious control

A

voluntary

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8
Q

muscle cell found in the heart

A

cardiac muscle

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9
Q

muscle cell found in voluntary muscles

A

skeletal muscle

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10
Q

muscle that helps close the jaw (hint: it starts above the ear and comes down to the lower jaw)

A

masseter

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11
Q

helps shrug sholders

A

trapezius

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12
Q

extend arm at the elbow

A

triceps brachaii

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13
Q

pulls arm toward body

A

biceps brachaii

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14
Q

helps move body from reclining to sitting position (ik this is a trash explanation but it’s what he gave us)

A

rectus abdominus

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15
Q

largest and strongest muscle

A

gluteus maximus

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16
Q

extend the leg

A

quadriceps femoris

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17
Q

bend the leg

A

hamstrings

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18
Q

calf muscle scientific name

A

gastrocnemius

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19
Q

tough, translucent sheet that covers muscles

A

fascia

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20
Q

neuron and group of muscle cells it controls

A

motor unit

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21
Q

enlargement of muscles due to use

A

hypertrophy

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22
Q

loss of muscle through dissuse

A

atrophy

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23
Q

fast twitch fibers

A

white fibers

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24
Q

slow twitch fibers

A

red fibers
(hint: red light means stop)

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25
Q

includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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26
Q

principle organ of the nervous system

A

brain

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27
Q

spinal cord and brain are covered by a triple layer
of protective tissues known as the

A

meninges

28
Q

support and insulate nerve tissue

A

glial cells

29
Q

composed of axons and glial cells

A

white matter

30
Q

composed of cell bodies

A

gray matter

31
Q

keeps sickness from affecting the brain

A

blood brain barrier

32
Q

attacks the spinal cord (causes paralysis)

A

polio

33
Q

controls involuntary muscle movement

A

autonomic nervous system

34
Q

these rarely reproduce

A

nerve cells (neurons)

35
Q

disease where the body attacks the glial cells

A

MS (multiple sclerosis)

36
Q

inability of a muscle to move

A

paralysis

37
Q

closed junction between two neurons

A

synapse

38
Q

disease characterized by tremors

A

Parkinson’s disease

39
Q

simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

40
Q

part of the brain involved in thinking and intelligence

A

cerebrum

41
Q

controls the left side of the body

A

right hemisphere

42
Q

controls the right side of the body

A

left hemisphere

43
Q

allows the 2 hemispheres to communicate

A

corpus callosum

44
Q

controls skeletal muscles

A

motor area

45
Q

damage to the motor area before or shortly after birth

A

cerebral palsy

46
Q

controls complex muscle movement

A

cerebellum

47
Q

lowest part of the brain (part of the brain stem)

A

medulla oblongota

48
Q

responsible for the physical reaction of emotions

A

hypothalamus

49
Q

a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli

A

behaviorism

50
Q

most common serious injury of the nervous system

A

stroke

51
Q

prolonged unconsciousness

A

coma

52
Q

five special senses

A
  1. sight
  2. hearing
  3. smell
  4. taste
  5. balance
53
Q

respond to extremes of heat, cold, and mechanical stress

A

pain receptors

54
Q

organs responsible for taste

A

taste buds

55
Q

respond to change in temperature

A

thermoreceptors

56
Q

connects the nose to the brain

A

olfactory nerve

57
Q

connects the ear to the brain

A

auditory nerve

58
Q

causes the difference in your voice (what you hear compared to what others hear)

A

bone conduction

59
Q

white of the eye

A

sclera

60
Q

connects the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

61
Q

most important part of vision

A

retina

62
Q

cause you to see color

A

cones

63
Q

cause you to see shapes

A

rods

64
Q

caused by an asymmetrical curve of the cornea

A

astigmatism

65
Q

disease that causes you to not be able to distinguish colors

A

color blind

66
Q

happens when the pressure inside the eye is too much

A

glaucoma

67
Q

area that produces the clearest vision

A

fovea

Biology (Bella) (3 decks)

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