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AP2 > test 4? > Flashcards

test 4? Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major groups of chemical digestion

A

Proteins , carbohydrates , lipids and nucleic acids

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2
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands

A

submandibular , sublingual and parotid gland

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3
Q

what is letter C

A

liver

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4
Q

what is the letter i

A

cecum

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5
Q

what letter is g ?

A

ileum

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6
Q

what is letter F

A

jejunum

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7
Q

what enzyme is in the salvia to help breakdown food

A

amylase

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8
Q

which kind of teeth are responsible for crushing and grinding ?

A

bicuspids or premolars

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9
Q

Deglutition is

A

bolus from mouth to oropharynx

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10
Q

gastroenterology is …

A

upper end of the digestive system

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11
Q

what are the ways stomach does mechanical digestion by

A

peristalsis or churning into a mixture called chyme

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12
Q

chemical ways of digestion in the stomach involves

A

feedback regulation,

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13
Q

which of the following is not true about HCI

denatures protein
molecules, kills microbes in food, and
transforms pepsinogen into pepsin for
digestion, increase blood calcium

A

increase blood calcium

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14
Q

what enzyme causes peptides bonds to break and requires it a different PH environment

A

pepsin

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15
Q

what is the precursor of pepsin and regulated by HCI

A

pepsinogen

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16
Q

the degulation DOES NOT control the movement of food _____
a. from mouth to oropharynx B. from oropharynx to the esophagus
C. from the esophagus to the stomach D . away from larynx by the covering

A

C from the esophagus to the stomach

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17
Q

which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach
A filtration B compaction C mechanical processing D indigestion E absorption

A

A . filtration

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18
Q

the enzyme : amylase helps digest
A complex carbs B fats C .proteins D lipids

E. nuclecic acids

A

A Complex carbs

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19
Q

_____ are essential organs for LIPID digestion
A . Gallbladder B stomach
C liver D gallbladder
E SM intestine F salivary gland
G pancreas

Multiple answers

A

Liver , gallbladder and pancreas

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20
Q

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

submucosal plexus.

serosa.

mucosa.

lamina propria.

A

submucosal plexus

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21
Q

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pylorus
Cardia
Fundas
Body
Atrium

A

Pylorus

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22
Q

Functions of the stomach include all of the following, EXCEPT

storage of ingested food.

initiation of protein digestion.

absorption of triglycerides.

mechanical breakdown of food.

A

Absorption of triglycerides

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23
Q

The first portion of the stomach that food enters is the

body.

pylorus.

cardia.

fundus.

antrum.

A

Cardia

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24
Q

Parietal cells secrete:

mucus.

pepsinogen.

enteropeptidase.

gastrin.

hydrochloric acid.

A

HCl

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25
Q

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

appendix

ileum.

jejumum

haustrum.

duodenum.

A

Ileum

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26
Q

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

ileum

duodenum

сесum

pylorus.

jejunum.

A

jejunum

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27
Q

**Lacteals : **

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

produce milk

secrete digestive enzymes.

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

produce new cells tor the mucost of the small intestine

A

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system

28
Q

The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the____

jejunum

duodenum.

colon

fleum.

A

Duodenum

29
Q

The exocrine portion (pancreatic juice) of the pancreas composed of

triads

pancreatic crypts

pancreatic lobules.

pancreatic acini.

islets of Langerhans

A

pancreatic acini.

30
Q

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

esophagus

pancreas

colon

spleen

A

Pancreas

31
Q

The pancreas produces ____

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase

nucleases (DNase and RNase)

lipase and amylase.

32
Q

The essential functions of the liver include

A

Metabolic regulation and hemological regulation
And bile production

33
Q

The essential functions of the liver include

A

Metabolic regulation and hemological regulation
And bile production

34
Q

Bile is produced in the ___

A

Liver

35
Q

Major regions of the large intestine include the____, _____,& ____.

cecum, colon, and duodenum

duodenum, ileum, and jejunum.

Cecum, colon and rectum

ascending colon, descending colon, and ileum

A

Cecum, colon and rectum

36
Q

The saclike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the

appendix.

rechim.

sigmoid colon.

haustra

cecum.

A

Cecum

37
Q

The gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

parotid

sublingual

submaxıllary

vestibular

submandibular

A

Parotid

38
Q

Parietal cells secrete_____

gastrin.

hydrochloric acid.

mucus:

pepsin.

all of the above

A

HCI

39
Q

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid

rich in bile.

rich in mucus.

that contains only amylase.

rich in bicarbonate.

rich in enzymes.

A

Rich in enzymes

40
Q

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would:

interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

result in the production of more viscous saiva

eliminate the sense of taste.

impair the lubricating properties of saliva

A

interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

41
Q

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid_____

that contains only amylase

Rich in muens

rich in bile.

rich in enzymes

rich in bicarbonate ion

A

Rich in bicarbonate ions

42
Q

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

diaphragm

greater omentum

mesentery proper

falcitorm ligament

lesser omentum

A

Greater omentum

43
Q

When the terminal phosphate is cut off ATP what is formed?

Glucose
Metabolic water
Adenosine monophosphate Adenosine diphosphate GTP

A

Adenosine diphosphate

44
Q

Oxidation is____

the removal of protons
the addition of protons
the addition of electrons
the removal of electrons

A

The removal of electrons

45
Q

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Acetyl-COA
Pyruvate
Lactate
Glucose
Carbon dioxide

A

Pyruvate

46
Q

Glycolysis :

splits a six-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of lactic acid.

splits a six-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid.

forms a six-carbon glucose molecule from two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid.

splits a six-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of acetyl coA.

forms a six-carbon glucose molecule from two 3-carbon molecules of lactic acid.

A

splits a six-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid.

47
Q

converts one CóH1206 to two pyruvic acid molecules

glycogenolysis
glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
cell respiration

A

Glycolysis

48
Q

This is the key regulator of the rate of glyocolysis.

Phosphofructokinase
Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate
ATP & FAD
NADH

A

Phosphofructokinase

49
Q

____is the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle; it is also used to synthesize fatty acids, ketone bodies, and cholesterol.

acetyl-COA
glucose-6-phosphate glycogen
lactic acid
pyruvic acid

A

Acetyl COA

50
Q

How many reactions (steps) take place during the Krebs cycle?

4
6,
8
10
12

A

8 steps

51
Q

Which of the following is a final product of aerobic respiration?
Pyruvate
Lactate
Oxygen
Glucose
Carbon dioxide

A

Carbon dioxide

52
Q

The TCA cycle must turn
completely metabolize the pyruvic acid produced from one glucose molecule.

two
five
three
four
one

A

Two

53
Q

Which of the following is a result of the Krebs cycle?

formation of acetyl-CoA
formation of pyruvate
formation of carbon dioxide generation of GTP
production of reduced coenzymes

A

Formation of carbon dioxide
Production of reduced co enzymes

54
Q

The Kreb’s cycle, or citric acid cycle,

OCcurs in the cytosol.
does not produce CO2.
produces ATP only at the substrate-level.
leads to total 12 ATP from each pyruvic acid.

A

Leads to total 12 ATP from each pyruvic acid

55
Q

Regarding the electron transport chain, the inner membrane of a mitochondrion contains the protein called
the energy created by”.
ATP. This is a process of ions moving across the membrane down their concentration gradient.

cytochrome c; reduction
ATP synthase; oxidation
enzyme complex; proton pumping ATP synthase; H+ flow
enzyme complex; reduction

A

ATP synthase ; H+ flow

56
Q

When a large amount of H+ accumulates between the inner and outer mitochondria membranes, this describes:

Proton gradient (Chemiosmosis) of ETC
Glycolysis
ATP synthesis
Krebs cycle
Proton pump of ETC

A

Proton gradient (Chemiosmosis) of ETC

57
Q

Which of the following places the events of glucose catabolism in the correct order?

glycolysis, formation of acetyl coA, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain reactions

glycolysis, Krebs-cycle, formation of acetyl co, electron transport chain reactions

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, anaerobic respiration, electron transport chaln mactions

D

glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, Krebs cycle, electron tramport chain reactions

formation of acetyl co, glycolysis, electron transport chain reactions

A

Glycolysis, formation of acetyl COA,Krebs cycle,ETC

58
Q

What is 5

Nad
Proton
o2
H20
CO2

A

H20

59
Q

Label 6a and 6b

ATP
CO2
FADH2
NADH+. H+

A

CO2

60
Q

Which of the following regarding Glucose-6-phosphate is INCORRECT? It can be_____

used to make amino acid

dephosphorylated to glucose

converted to pyruvic acid

used to synthesize glycogen

A

Used to make amino acid

61
Q

The Kreb’s cycle, or citric acid cycle,

leads to total 12 ATP from each pyruvic acid.

occurs in the cytosol.

produces ATP only at the substrate-level.

does not produce CO2.

A

Leads to total 12 ATP from each pyruvic acid

62
Q

Which of the following is true concerning oxygen in regards to aerobic respiration?

It directly receives electrons and protons from NAD and FAD.

It is the only substrate of aerobic respiration.

It directly transfers electrons and protons to NAD and FAD

It transport electrons to the mitochondrion

It is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

A

It is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

63
Q

Regarding the electron transport chain, the inner membrane of a mitochondrion contains the protein called ____ “ which couples the energy created by _______“to produce ATP. This is a process of ions moving across the membrane down their concentration gradient.

enzyme complex; reduction

ATP synthase; H+ flow

ATP synthase, oxidation

enzyme complex: proton pumping

cytochrome c, reduction

A

ATP synthase: H+ flow

64
Q

Glycogenesis is stimulated by stimulated by whereas glycogenolysis is

growth hormone; cortisol

insulin; aldosterone

growth hormone, glucagon and epinephrine

growth hormone; insulin

insulin; glucagon and epinephrin

A

insulin; glucagon and epinephrine

65
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

Glycogenesis

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Synthesis of plasma proteins

Detoxification

A

Secretion of digestive enzymes

66
Q

Which of the following are used in “metabolic crossroads”?

Lipase

ATP

Pyruvic acid

Glycogen

A

Pyruvic acid

AP2 (7 decks)

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