Test 4 Flashcards
What is Fe+ deficiency anemia caused by
blood loss during menstruation
blood loss from ulcers, colon cancer, n hemorrhoids
What increases iron absorption to promote healthy RBCs
Vitamin C n meat protein
____ regulates the standards for meat, poultry, milk, n eggs
USDA
Vitamin K functions
and Daily value
Blood clotting
80 mcg/day
Coumadin (warfarin)
inhibits vitamin k dependent coagulation factors
Folate: maternal deficiency
and RDA
Low folate levels linked to neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida)
400 mcg/day
Spina bifida
incomplete closure of SC, anencephaly brain, skull n scalp absent
Large doses of folate can mask ____________ deficiency
Vitamin B-12
In what year did FDA mandate fortification of grain products
1998
Food sources of folate
asparagus
Where is vitamin B-12 found in
DV
only in foods of animal origin
6 mcg
Who are at risk of vitamin b-12 deficiency
vegans
How much protein is recc per kg of person’s body weight
.8 - 1.7 g of protein
Nutrients and formation of brain tissue
Fatty acids n Choline
Omega-3 n omega-6 FAs
essential fatty acids: alpha-linolenic acid and lineoleic acid.
Myelin sheaths around nerve composed of ____
iron
Homocysteine
high levels (Amino acids formed from vit b06, b-12, folate, n Cl) put you at risk for alzheimer’s disease
Iodine - when does myelination of nerves in utero happen
shortly after birth
What does maternal iodine deficiency cause
mild cognitive defects > severe mental retardation > infant death
10 Brain healthy foods
Green leafy veggies
Other veggies
Nuts
Berries
Beans
Whole grains
Fish
Poultry
Olive oil
Wine
Physical activity lowers risk for
obesity, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, n osteoporsis
Where is glucose made from
Liver from glycogen and then it goes into bloodstream
Aerobic glucose breakdown
supplies more ATP than anaerobic process, but releases energy more slowly
Athletes need additional __ for repair of damaged myo tissue n synthesis of new muscle protein
AA’s
sports drink recom
more than 60 mins activity
Norovirus
2015: 12 outbreaks on international cruise ships
occured on 6 different lines
affected 1406 passengers and 130 crew members
Why is food-borne illness common
preference for meat cooked “rare”
Increases risk of food borne illness
washing hand prior to eating raw hamburger
Food preservation methods
salt, sugar, smoke, fermentation, drying
limits h20 available for bacteria
aseptic processing
simultaneously sterilizes the food and package separately before the food enters the package
Food irradation
exposing food to radiation
Bacteria causes food-borne illnesses in the 4 ways:
Food-borne infection
Toxin-mediated infection
Food-borne intoxication
Escherichia coli bacteria strain O157
Food-borne infection
bacteria directly invades intestinal wall
Toxin-mediated infection
bacteria produce harmful toxin as they colonize the GI tract
Food-borne intoxication
bacteria secrete a toxin into food before it is eaten, which causes harm to humans after the food is ingested
Escherichia coli bacteria strain O157
produces a toxin that causes severe illness
protozoa
one celled animals, cryptosporidium and cyclospora
Helminths
tapeworms, trichniella spiralis
EPA
determines a pesticide causes no unreasonable adverse effects on people and environment, benefits outweighs risk.
enforced by FDA
Temperature for thoroughly cooked meat
Beef and Fish
Pork
Poultry
Beef n fish - 145
Pork - 145
Poultry - 165
Danger zone
temp. which bacteria grow quickly and not safe to store food more than 2 hours
USDA food safety program
clean
separate
cook
chill
