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Human nutrition > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is water

A

Universal solvent

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2
Q

Body temp regulation

A

Evaporative cooling

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3
Q

H20 AI women

A

2.7 L/day

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4
Q

H20 AI men

A

3.7 L/day

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5
Q

Greatest output of water

A

urine excretion

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6
Q

amniotic fluid

A

greatest shock absorber in mother’s womb

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7
Q

Aldosterone

A

Tells kidneys to conserve Na+ n H20

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls thirst

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9
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Dangerously low blood Na+ level

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10
Q

pH

A

Measurement of H+ ions

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11
Q

Major source of Na+ n Cl

A

Table salt

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12
Q

AI chloride

A

2300 mg/day

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13
Q

1 tsp salt

A

2400 mg sodium

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14
Q

hypertension

A

over 140/90

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15
Q

Exceeding UL on phosphorus

A

leads to calcification n stone formation

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16
Q

Best source of potassium

A

fresh spinach

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17
Q

A way to prevent cancer

A

Limit cured n processed meat

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18
Q

Metatasize

A

spreading disease to nother part of body

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19
Q

antioxidants

A

A. C, E, selenium

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20
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable atoms w unpaired electrons in outer shell and are generated by normal metabolic processes

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21
Q

How do antioxidants work against free radicals

A

donating electrons to them

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22
Q

Best defense against free radicals

A

Fruits n veggies

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23
Q

Lycopene

A

red pigment in tomatoes, watermelon, guava, n pink grapefruit.
also protects against prostate cancer

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24
Q

Vitamin C

A

Increases Fe absorption

25
Q

How much more vitamin C does smokers need

A

an extra 35 mg

26
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy

27
Q

vitamin c sources

A

citrus fruits n strawbs

28
Q

Too much vitamin c leads to

A

increased Fe absorption

29
Q

Vitamin D

A

A hormone synthesized by the sun and reduced by sunscreen.
produced in skin when exposed to UV light.
Essential.

30
Q

Probiotics

A

live microorganisms w positive effects on human health
eg. lactobacillus, lactococcus, streptococcus
Reinforces integrity of GI tract
Enhances immune function by altering composition of bicrobiota.

31
Q

bone marrow

A

spongy tissue in flat bone

32
Q

cortical bone

A

compact or dense bone

33
Q

osteoclast

A

breaks down or degrades small amount of bone

34
Q

resorption

A

losing substance

35
Q

Osteoblast

A

initiates synthesis of new bone

36
Q

Formula for bone mineral density

A

total mineral content of bone/width of bone

37
Q

how much percent of Ca used in body to strengthen bones n teeth

A

99%

38
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Porous n fragile bones due to low mineral density

39
Q

how to prevent osteoporosis in women

A

increase Ca+ n vitamin d, hormone replacement therapy, weight-bearing exercises

40
Q

How to promote bone health

A

healthy body weight
Eat healthy balanced diet with bone building nutrients

41
Q

What does excess in Ca do

A

increases risk of kidney stones

42
Q

magnesium

A

responsible for nerve n heart function for muscle relaxation after contraction

43
Q

bone remodeling

A

continual degrading and regenerating of bone

44
Q

how much percentage of vitamin B are absorbed in diet

A

50-90%

45
Q

Who are more likely to develop vitamin b deficiency diseases

A

Alcoholics

46
Q

Riboflavin - B-2 - ariboflavinosis

A

Found in dairy products

Cracking on tongue n corners of mouth
Dermatitis
Eye disorders
Sensitivity to sun

47
Q

Niacin - B-3 - Pellagra

A

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death

48
Q

Mega doses of niacin

A

lowers cholesterol, but may cause flushing

49
Q

Niacin can be synthesized from

A

tryptophan

50
Q

Pantothenic acid - B-5

A

Deficiency is rare, can occur in alcoholics

51
Q

Mega doses of b-6

A

May lead to nerve damage

52
Q

Thiamin - B-1 - beriberi

A

source = pork

53
Q

Biotin B-7

A

Raw egg whites bind biotin n decreases absorption

unique among B vitamins bc bacterial synthesis occurs in intestine

54
Q

Iodine regulates

A

thyroid gland

55
Q

thyroid gland

A

traps iodine from blood to support thyroid hormone synthesis

56
Q

low levels of iodine

A

Goiter

57
Q

Goiter

A

enlargement of thyroid gland caused by insufficient iodine in diet.

58
Q

Chronium - Cr - deficiency effects and source

A

Impaired glucose control
Increases cholesterol and triglycerides

whole grain

59
Q

boost energy levels naturally

A

7 small meals a day
Avoid large amounts of sugar and fat
Take quick exercise break
Reduce stress

Human nutrition (2 decks)

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