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test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

leading cause of cardiac deaths

A

stroke and heart disease

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2
Q

most common chronic disease

A

htn

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3
Q

common htn complications

A

end organ damage
stroke
cardiac disease
renal insufficiency

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4
Q

right sided hf symptoms

A

lower extremity edema
weight gain

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5
Q

left sided HF s/s

A

SOB
dyspnea
congested sounded lungs

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6
Q

symptom control of HF

A

o2
limit salt
controlled fluid balance
elevate HOB, limit exertion

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7
Q

what problems often accompany COPD

A

asthma
bronchitis
emphysema

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8
Q

exacerbation of COPD

A

increase in symptoms. sputum may increase. symptoms vary
decrease in functional status

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9
Q

ischemic cva

A

Most common
Blood supply to brain interrupted due to blockage

main causes- arterial disease, cardioembolism, hematologic disorders, systemic hypo-perfusion

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10
Q

hemorrhage cva

A

Increased risk of life threatening event compared to ischemic
Primarily caused by uncontrolled HTN

may see seizures and decreased LOC

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11
Q

TIA

A

Mimic symptoms of a CVA
Symptoms begin to resolve in minutes

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12
Q

Do you lose cognition with stroke

A

no, you may loose function but not cognition

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13
Q

FAST stroke

A

Face
Arm
Speech
Time

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14
Q

most common neurodegenerative disorders

A

alzheimers and parkinsons

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15
Q

alzheimers disease

A

Memory loss
Impaired thinking
inability to find words
Decreased judgment
Altered behavior

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16
Q

pharm therapy to help slow alzheimers

A

cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA antagonist

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17
Q

fluent aphasia vs nonfluent aphasia

A

fluent- person speaks easy but content doesnt make sense

nonfluent- speaks slowly and uses minimal words

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18
Q

dysarthria

A

impairment in ability to articulate words. Caused by weakness or incoordination of speech

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19
Q

common s/s of anxiety

A

Agitation
Irritability
Pacing
Sweating
Difficulty sleeping
Stomach issues

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20
Q

barriers to access to mental health care in elderly

A

Shortage of trained personnel
Limited availability and access
Lack of staff training
Inadequate Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement

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21
Q

treatment for anxiety in older adults

A

cognitive behavior therapy
SSRI

Use benzodiazepines cautiously

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22
Q

four major symptom clusters of ptsd

A

reexperiencing
avoidance
persistent negative alterations in cognition and mood
alterations in arousal and receptivity

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23
Q

s/s of depression in elderly

A

insomnia
loss of appetite
pain
loss of interest

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24
Q

treatment of depression in elderly

A

Social Support
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Exercise
Medications

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25
most common substance abuse form in older adults
alcohol educate on increased blood alcohol levels due to decreased liver function
26
delirium causes
severe illness procedures medications restraints
27
types of delerium
Hyperactive ○ Increased activity levels Hypoactive ○ Decreased activity levels Mixed ○ Periods of excitability and lethargy
28
delerium
sudden onset, decreased consciousness
29
3 Ds of cognitive impairment
dementia delirium depression
30
dementia
steady cognitive decline. often occurs slow over years unless due to vascular focus on communication, behavior, relationships focus on pt needs maximize ability to make own choice do meaningful activities like reminiscing
31
wandering patient interventions
Patient redirection Provide activities during normal wandering times Utilize visual cues for reorientation Locked units ensure safety if these pts do it often it can become predictable on the time of day they do it. keep them entertained during this time.
32
what are dementia pts at risk for
weight loss and inadequate nutrition
33
who is at economic risk for retirement
women disabled those who lack access education or hold low paying jobs those not eligible for social security immigrants
34
key to retirement
planning pay attention to finances and resources
35
death of a spouse
often a loss of identity significant impact on well being: physical, psychosocial, social, economic
36
fictive kin
not blood family, but people that are close that may help out, such as someone from church
37
do siblings become closer or more distant with age
closer the strongest bond is between sisters
38
intimacy and older adults
more than just a physical act. Feelings of connectedness, belonging, commitment, acceptance importance at all stages in life
39
what is sexual health influenced by
culture changes with aging expectations activity level
40
most prevalent sexual problem in men
erectile dysfunction
41
age group that HIV is at greatest risk
females 60 and over increasing occurence in elderly
42
why is HIV hard to dx
s/s are common to many other diseases in elder population
43
PLISSIT model
a way to start sexual health convo Permission Limited Info Specific Suggestions Intensive Therapy
44
who is most prone to negative impact from caregiving
spouses this is due to they are less likely to receive assistance from others
45
types of elder abuse
physical, psychological, medical, financial, or sexual
46
what is abuse
when harm is inflicted intentionally
47
who is more at risk for elder abuse
the older and more frail you are the more at risk
48
neglect
failure of a action. Can be by caregiver or self, it is typically unintentional if from caregiver, but could be deliberate. self neglect may be due to many reasons
49
signs of medical neglect
delay in seeking healthcare
50
signs of neglect
weight loss inappropriate clothing
51
signs of psychological abuse
agressive behaviors patient not allowed to talk
52
mandatory reporting
nurses must report all abuse or if its suspected
52
anticipatory grief
grief before loss occurs
53
acute grief
a crisis characterized by periods of functional disruption
54
shadow grief
occurs over months as intense pain of the moment lessens
55
complicated grief
grief that does not lessen over time or bears traumatic memories
56
disenfranchised grief
when grief cannot be expresses. may lead to reckless behavior
57
effective coping
maintains composure use good judgement optimistic attitude while accepting loss
58
ineffective coping
pessimistic attitude demanding emotional extremes feelings of guilt
59
six Cs for helping patient and families navigate the dying process
Care- managing common problems like pain Control- person centered actions Composure- address sadness, have moments of relief Communication- pt express wishes, provide info to family Continuity- assist to maintain as normal life as possible when dying Closure- reconciliation and transcendence
60
best practices when approaching death
Ensure patient comfort with warm blankets and socks Provide opportunity for increased rest Change beddings as needed Play soothing music and use dim lights Respect the patient's diminishing appetite Explain decrease in urine output to family Reposition patient as needed to ease breathing
61
goal of palliative care
comfort
62
durable POA
Provides information on matters pertaining to care
62
living will
Represents the patient's wishes specific to a terminal illness
63
medical POA
Rights and responsibilities to make health-related decisions if the patient is unable

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