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gero > test 4 > Flashcards

test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

leading cause of cardiac deaths

A

stroke and heart disease

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2
Q

most common chronic disease

A

htn

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3
Q

common htn complications

A

end organ damage
stroke
cardiac disease
renal insufficiency

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4
Q

right sided hf symptoms

A

lower extremity edema
weight gain

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5
Q

left sided HF s/s

A

SOB
dyspnea
congested sounded lungs

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6
Q

symptom control of HF

A

o2
limit salt
controlled fluid balance
elevate HOB, limit exertion

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7
Q

what problems often accompany COPD

A

asthma
bronchitis
emphysema

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8
Q

exacerbation of COPD

A

increase in symptoms. sputum may increase. symptoms vary
decrease in functional status

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9
Q

ischemic cva

A

Most common
Blood supply to brain interrupted due to blockage

main causes- arterial disease, cardioembolism, hematologic disorders, systemic hypo-perfusion

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10
Q

hemorrhage cva

A

Increased risk of life threatening event compared to ischemic
Primarily caused by uncontrolled HTN

may see seizures and decreased LOC

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11
Q

TIA

A

Mimic symptoms of a CVA
Symptoms begin to resolve in minutes

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12
Q

Do you lose cognition with stroke

A

no, you may loose function but not cognition

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13
Q

FAST stroke

A

Face
Arm
Speech
Time

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14
Q

most common neurodegenerative disorders

A

alzheimers and parkinsons

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15
Q

alzheimers disease

A

Memory loss
Impaired thinking
inability to find words
Decreased judgment
Altered behavior

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16
Q

pharm therapy to help slow alzheimers

A

cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA antagonist

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17
Q

fluent aphasia vs nonfluent aphasia

A

fluent- person speaks easy but content doesnt make sense

nonfluent- speaks slowly and uses minimal words

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18
Q

dysarthria

A

impairment in ability to articulate words. Caused by weakness or incoordination of speech

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19
Q

common s/s of anxiety

A

Agitation
Irritability
Pacing
Sweating
Difficulty sleeping
Stomach issues

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20
Q

barriers to access to mental health care in elderly

A

Shortage of trained personnel
Limited availability and access
Lack of staff training
Inadequate Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement

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21
Q

treatment for anxiety in older adults

A

cognitive behavior therapy
SSRI

Use benzodiazepines cautiously

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22
Q

four major symptom clusters of ptsd

A

reexperiencing
avoidance
persistent negative alterations in cognition and mood
alterations in arousal and receptivity

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23
Q

s/s of depression in elderly

A

insomnia
loss of appetite
pain
loss of interest

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24
Q

treatment of depression in elderly

A

Social Support
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Exercise
Medications

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25
Q

most common substance abuse form in older adults

A

alcohol

educate on increased blood alcohol levels due to decreased liver function

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26
Q

delirium causes

A

severe illness
procedures
medications
restraints

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27
Q

types of delerium

A

Hyperactive
○ Increased activity levels
Hypoactive
○ Decreased activity levels
Mixed
○ Periods of excitability and lethargy

28
Q

delerium

A

sudden onset, decreased consciousness

29
Q

3 Ds of cognitive impairment

A

dementia
delirium
depression

30
Q

dementia

A

steady cognitive decline. often occurs slow over years unless due to vascular

focus on communication, behavior, relationships

focus on pt needs

maximize ability to make own choice
do meaningful activities like reminiscing

31
Q

wandering patient interventions

A

Patient redirection
Provide activities during normal wandering times
Utilize visual cues for reorientation
Locked units

ensure safety

if these pts do it often it can become predictable on the time of day they do it. keep them entertained during this time.

32
Q

what are dementia pts at risk for

A

weight loss and inadequate nutrition

33
Q

who is at economic risk for retirement

A

women
disabled
those who lack access education or hold low paying jobs
those not eligible for social security
immigrants

34
Q

key to retirement

A

planning
pay attention to finances and resources

35
Q

death of a spouse

A

often a loss of identity

significant impact on well being: physical, psychosocial, social, economic

36
Q

fictive kin

A

not blood family, but people that are close that may help out, such as someone from church

37
Q

do siblings become closer or more distant with age

A

closer

the strongest bond is between sisters

38
Q

intimacy and older adults

A

more than just a physical act.
Feelings of connectedness, belonging, commitment, acceptance

importance at all stages in life

39
Q

what is sexual health influenced by

A

culture
changes with aging
expectations
activity level

40
Q

most prevalent sexual problem in men

A

erectile dysfunction

41
Q

age group that HIV is at greatest risk

A

females 60 and over

increasing occurence in elderly

42
Q

why is HIV hard to dx

A

s/s are common to many other diseases in elder population

43
Q

PLISSIT model

A

a way to start sexual health convo

Permission
Limited Info
Specific Suggestions
Intensive Therapy

44
Q

who is most prone to negative impact from caregiving

A

spouses

this is due to they are less likely to receive assistance from others

45
Q

types of elder abuse

A

physical, psychological, medical, financial, or sexual

46
Q

what is abuse

A

when harm is inflicted intentionally

47
Q

who is more at risk for elder abuse

A

the older and more frail you are the more at risk

48
Q

neglect

A

failure of a action. Can be by caregiver or self,

it is typically unintentional if from caregiver, but could be deliberate.
self neglect may be due to many reasons

49
Q

signs of medical neglect

A

delay in seeking healthcare

50
Q

signs of neglect

A

weight loss
inappropriate clothing

51
Q

signs of psychological abuse

A

agressive behaviors
patient not allowed to talk

52
Q

mandatory reporting

A

nurses must report all abuse or if its suspected

52
Q

anticipatory grief

A

grief before loss occurs

53
Q

acute grief

A

a crisis characterized by periods of functional disruption

54
Q

shadow grief

A

occurs over months as intense pain of the moment lessens

55
Q

complicated grief

A

grief that does not lessen over time or bears traumatic memories

56
Q

disenfranchised grief

A

when grief cannot be expresses. may lead to reckless behavior

57
Q

effective coping

A

maintains composure
use good judgement
optimistic attitude while accepting loss

58
Q

ineffective coping

A

pessimistic attitude
demanding
emotional extremes
feelings of guilt

59
Q

six Cs for helping patient and families navigate the dying process

A

Care- managing common problems like pain
Control- person centered actions
Composure- address sadness, have moments of relief
Communication- pt express wishes, provide info to family
Continuity- assist to maintain as normal life as possible when dying
Closure- reconciliation and transcendence

60
Q

best practices when approaching death

A

Ensure patient comfort with warm blankets and socks
Provide opportunity for increased rest
Change beddings as needed
Play soothing music and use dim lights
Respect the patient’s diminishing appetite
Explain decrease in urine output to family
Reposition patient as needed to ease breathing

61
Q

goal of palliative care

A

comfort

62
Q

durable POA

A

Provides information on matters pertaining to care

62
Q

living will

A

Represents the patient’s wishes specific to a terminal illness

63
Q

medical POA

A

Rights and responsibilities to make health-related decisions if the patient is unable

gero (4 decks)

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