Test 4

Question 1

a change in the gene frequency of a population from one generation to the next generation

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

individuals of one species occupying the same region or habitat

Answer 2

population

Question 3

evolution happens to populations, not to _________

Answer 3

individuals

Question 4

the number of times a gene appears in a population

Answer 4

frequency

Question 5

a mechanism that explains how evolution works

Answer 5

natural selection

Question 6

two scientists that independently conceived of the mechanism for evolution

Answer 6

1. Charles Darwin

2. Alfred Russell Wallace

Question 7

organisms are _______ and many variations are inherited

Answer 7

different

Question 8

_______ organisms are produced that can possibly live, grow up, and reproduce

Answer 8

more

Question 9

successful organisms pass their _______ traits to their offspring

Answer 9

advantageous

Question 10

one important example of of evolution/ natural selection

Answer 10

bacterial resistance

Question 11

three examples of bacterial resistance

Answer 11

1. MRSA
2. C. Difficil
3. TB

Question 12

in natural selection, the agent of change is the ________

Answer 12

environment

Question 13

in artificial selection, the agent of change is ________

Answer 13

humans

Question 14

artificial selection is also called _____ _______

Answer 14

selective breeding

Question 15

what are the three forms of natural selection

Answer 15

1. stabilizing
2. directional
3. disruptive/diversifying

Question 16

in this type of natural selection, the extreme phenotypes are ____ fit than the intermediate phenotype

Answer 16

less

ex. human birth weight

Question 17

in this type of natural selection, one extreme phenotype is the most ____ and the environment selects against the others

Answer 17

fit

ex. antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 18

in this type of natural selection, two extreme phenotypes are ____ ___ than the intermediate phenotype

Answer 18

more fit
ex. small beak finch- small seeds
medium beak finch
large beak finch- large seeds

Question 19

mutations are the fuel for _______

Answer 19

evolution

Question 20

nonrandom mating is often called _____ _____

Answer 20

sexual selection

Question 21

sexual selection often results in differences in the appearances between males and females. this is called ______ ________

Answer 21

sexual dimorphism

Question 22

a change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance or accident

Answer 22

genetic drift

Question 23

small groups of individuals leave home population and establish new population

Answer 23

the founder effect

Question 24

extreme loss in population numbers which means extreme loss in genetic diversity

Answer 24

the bottleneck effect

Question 25

the term that is given to the relatively short term changes that occurs with a population

Answer 25

microevolution

Question 26

the term that is given to evolutionary changes on a grand scale, encompassing the origins of novel designs, evolutionary trends, new species, and episodes of extinction

Answer 26

macroevolution

Question 27

evidence of an organism from the past | ex. bones, teeth, impressions

Answer 27

fossil record

Question 28

compare structures/ development

Answer 28

comparative anatomy

Question 29

structures that reflect common ancestry

Answer 29

homologous structures

Question 30

structures that appear similar but are not homologous

Answer 30

analogous structures

Question 31

have no apparent function in one species but are homologous to a functional structure in another species

Answer 31

vestigial structures

Question 32

compare DNA and protein sequences

Answer 32

molecular record

Question 33

the study of principles, procedures, and rules of scientific classification and the naming of organisms

Answer 33

taxonomy

Question 34

the system in which every species is given a two word name specific to its species

Answer 34

binomial nomenclature

Question 35

the offspring of two different but closely related species

Answer 35

hybrid

Question 36

most hybrids are the result of crossing two closely related species in

Answer 36

captivity

Question 37

the study of the kinds of organisms, their diversity, and their evolutionary relationships

Answer 37

systematics

Question 38

the depiction of evolutionary relationships among species

Answer 38

phylogony

Question 39

______ ________ infers phylogeny according to a vast amount of knowledge about morphology and biology of the organism. this means that certain characters are considered more important than others. these characters are _______

Answer 39

traditional taxonomy | weighted

Question 40

_______ seeks to give all characters ____ value. no character is given more importance than another

Answer 40

cladistics | equal

Question 41

parasitic chemicals

Answer 41

viruses

Question 42

______ are not considered to be alive because they do not meet the requirements of life

Answer 42

viruses

Question 43

viruses were discovered by

Answer 43

Wendell Stanley

Question 44

simple viruses are composed of _____ ____ and _____

Answer 44

nucleic acid | capsid

Question 45

the _____ creates the overall shape of the virus

Answer 45

capsid

Question 46

in this cycle, viruses infect cells

Answer 46

lytic cycle

Question 47

in this cycle, viruses incorporate their DNA into the host's DNA

Answer 47

lysogenic cycle

Question 48

the kinds of organisms or cells that the virus can infect

Answer 48

host range

Question 49

the carriers of the virus

Answer 49

reservoir

Question 50

most lethal virus in human history. reservoir- birds, pigs. -- high fever, body aches, respiratory

Answer 50

influenza

Question 51

reservoir- unknown. 50-90% fatality rate - tissues liquefy, hemorhagic disease

Answer 51

ebola

Question 52

reservoir- canine --encephalitis= brain infection --active disease= 100% fatal

Answer 52

rabies

Question 53

reservoir- humans --rash and fever

Answer 53

chickenpox

Question 54

this is a relatively newly discovered type of infectious agent

Answer 54

prions

Question 55

who discovered prions

Answer 55

stanley prusiner

Question 56

scrapie

Answer 56

sheep

Question 57

kuru

Answer 57

cannibal tribe

Question 58

mad cow disease

Answer 58

cows/humans

Question 59

creutzfeldt- jakob disease

Answer 59

genetic componenet

Question 60

coccus

Answer 60

round

Question 61

bacillus

Answer 61

rod

Question 62

spirillum

Answer 62

spirals