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Bio 151- Final exam > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Phenotype is exclusively the result of genetic influences

A

False

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2
Q

The color of your eyes is a normal polygenic trait

A

True

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3
Q

What is all of the DNA in a set of 23 chromosomes referred to as?

A

Genome

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4
Q

Use the figure to match the following with a LETTER: This gland stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

A

D- Posterior Pituitary

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5
Q

Use the figure to match the following with a LETTER: This gland produces melatonin.

A

C- Pineal gland

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6
Q

Which of these is NOT found in the karyotype of a normal human male?

  • 46 chromatids
  • 46 chromosomes
  • 92 DNA molecules
  • X and Y chromosomes
  • 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
A

46 chromatids

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7
Q

If one allele is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of another allele, we say that it is a(an) ______ allele.

A

recessive

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8
Q

Eye color is caused by genes at multiple loci. This phenomenon is called _____.

A

Polygenic inheritance

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9
Q

Germ cells have ______ unpaired chromosomes and are thus called _____ cells.

A

23; haploid (n)

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10
Q

The allele for the cleft chin (C) is dominant to the allele for uncleft chin (c). A male and female who are both heterozygous for cleft chin have a child. What is the chance that this child will have an uncleft chin?

A

25%

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11
Q

Use the figure to match the following with a LETTER: This gland produces glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

A

K- Adrenal cortex

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12
Q

The alleles posessed by all members of a population collectively are called the____.

A

gene pool

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13
Q

All of the body’s nonreproductive cells, called _____, usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes and are thus called _____ cells.

A

somatic cells; diploid (2n)

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14
Q

Males carry a pair of ______ sex chromosomes

A

XY

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15
Q

Females carry a pair of _____ sex chromosomes

A

XX

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16
Q

Use the figure to match the following with a LETTER: This gland produces insulin and glucagon

A

G- Pancreas

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17
Q

Critical thinking Question:

Which blood type would NOT be possible for children of a type AB mother and a type A father?

A

O

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18
Q

When one gene produces multiple phenotypic effects, this is called ______.

A

Pleiotropy

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19
Q

Himalayan rabbits cxarry the C gene, which is required for the development of pigments in the fur, skin and eyes, and whose expression is regulated by the temerature. Specifically, the Cgene is inactive above 35 degrees Celcius, and is maximally active from 15 degrees to 25 degrees celcius. This temperature regulation of gene expression produces rabbits with a distinctive coat coloring. In the warm, central parts of the rabbit’s body, the gene is inactive, and no pigments are produced, causing the fur color to be white. Meanwhile, in the rabbit’s extremities (ears, tip of the nose, and feet), where the temerature is much lower than 35 degrees, the C gene actively produces pigment, making these parts of the animal black.

This is an example of _______.

A

enviromental influence of genes

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20
Q

Addition of methyl groups to DNA is an example of ______.

A

epigenetics

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21
Q

Cancers in epiuthelial tissue are called ____

A

carcinoma

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22
Q

Cancers in bone, other connective tissue, or muscle are called _____

A

Sarcoma

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23
Q

Mutated Tumor Suppressor genes result in inhibiting development of cancer.

A

False

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24
Q

Enviromental agents that can cause cancers are called ______

A

carcinogens

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25
The gestation period is approximately:
280 days
26
The organ systems rudimentarily (initially) form durning the:
embryonic period
27
Which of the following inplants in, or attaches to, the endometrium of the uterus?
blastocyst
28
Where does fertilization usually occur?
ampulla of the uterine tube
29
What follows immediately after fertilization occurs?
cleavage
30
How is polyspermy prevented?
cortical reaction
31
What is the neonatal period?
The first 6 weeks of life
32
The outermost membrane enclosing all of the membranes and the embryo is:
chorion
33
By what week of prenatal development is organogenesis complete?
8
34
Which germ layer forms the gut and bladder?
endoderm
35
What does the ectoderm form?
nervous system and skin
36
What does gastrulation accomplish?
formation of the three germ layers
37
Which of the following systems shows the least overall senescence?
endocrine system
38
Which statement is true regarding telomeres?
Telomeres are DNA segments at each end of a chromosome
39
Uterine retention is a greater problem for elderly men than for elderly women because men _______.
can develop benign prostatic hyperplasia
40
Down Syndrome (trisomy-21) results from ______.
nondisjunction
41
Critical thinking question: | A teratogen is most likely to cause ____.
a deformation of the limbs
42
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is caused by _____.
deficiency of pulmonary surfactant
43
Which is NOT an embryonic membrane? - amion - yolk sac - placenta - chorion - allantis
Placenta
44
As it implants, the conceptus is nourished by means of _____.
trophoblastic nutrition
45
The ____ is an embryonic membrane that serves as the origin of the first blood and germ cells.
yolk sac
46
During implantation, the trophoblast divides into a superficial layer called the ____, which is composed of a multinucleate mass of cytoplasm.
syncytiotrophoblast
47
In the blastocyst, the trophoblast will become ____, whereas the embryoblast will become ____.
part of the placenta; the embryo
48
Twins produced when a single egg is fertilized are called ____ twins. Twins produced from 2 eggs ovulated at the same time are called ____ twins.
monozygotic; dizygotic
49
Use the figure to match the following with a LETTER: This gland produces and releases a hormone that raises blood calcium levels.
J- Parathyroid glands
50
Which hormones work synergistically to retain water?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone
51
What is the target tissue of erythropoietin (EPO)?
red bone marrow
52
Testerone is priamrily produced by the:
testes
53
What stimulates melatonin production?
Light and dark cycles
54
Which hormone is the antagonist of glucagon?
Insulin
55
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
Insulin
56
The effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine have nearly the same effects as the neurotransmitters of the:
Sympathetic Nervous System
57
What is NOT a primary effect of aldosterone? - Maintaining blood glucose - maintaining blood pressure - regulating extracellular fluid volume - maintaining acid-base balance
Maintaining blood glucose
58
What hormones are produced by zone glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?
Mineralocorticoids
59
From superficial to deep, the three layers of the adrenal cortex are:
Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
60
What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Hypocalcemia
61
Under normal conditions, what is the response to an increase in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
Increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production
62
Place the following hormones in the correct order of their control, from first tier to third tier Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH), production of T3 and T4, thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH), production of T3 and T4
63
What element is necessary for the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)?
Iodine
64
What growth hormone levels are low, which hormone stimulates its release?
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
65
Which of the following is a gonadotropin? - GH - TRH - FSH - ACTH
FSH
66
Where are releasing and inhibiting hormones made?
Hypothalamus
67
Use the figure to match the following with a letter: | In males, follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) prods these organs to produce testerone.
I-Testes
68
Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands? - Their secretions may be released onto the body surface. - They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries. - They secrete their products by way of ducts. - They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects. - They release thier secretions into the blood.
They release their secretions into the blood.
69
____ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology.
Paracrines
70
The posterior pituitary secretes _____.
Oxytocin
71
Use the figure to match the following with a letter: | This neuroendocrine organ (gland) produces and releases Catecholamines
L- Adrenal Medulla
72
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the ____.
anterior pituitary
73
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the ____.
Kidneys
74
Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP (cAMP) acts as a second messenger?
Enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases
75
Use the figure to match the following with a letter: This gland is the target organ of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
E- Thyroid gland

Bio 151- Final exam (3 decks)

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