Test 3A Flashcards
The creation of policy to address the problems an needs of the nation.
National Lawmaking
The efforts of elected officials to look out for the interests of those who elect them.
Representation
Loyalty to a party that helps shape how members see the world, define problems and identify solutions.
Partisanship
The ideological distance between the parties and the ideological homogeneity within them.
Polarization
A commitment to party so strong it can transcend other commitments.
Hyperpartisanship
Primary elections in which eligible voters do not need to be registered party members.
Open Primaries
A reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the census.
Reapportionment
Process of dividing states into legislative districts.
Redistricting
The electoral edge afforded to those already in office.
Incumbency Advantage
The process of scheduling Presidential primaries early in the primary season.
Frontloading
Primary election in which only registered party members can vote.
Closed Primary
Voting in the opposing parties primary for the weakest candidate.
Manipulation
A weaker candidate wins the election in the primary.
Dillution
Redistricting to benefit a particular group.
Gerrymandering
Legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with government agencies and programs.
Casework
Basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance; approving the status quo or signaling a desire for change.
Retrospective Voting
Basing voting decisions on well informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote.
Prospective Voting
Campaign funds donated directly to candidates; amounts are limited by federal action laws.
Hard Money
Unregulated campaign money by individuals or groups that promote general election activities but not individual candidates.
Soft Money
Congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district.
Allocative Representation
