Test Flashcards
Describe 7 of the roles that the clinical informatics nurse plays
- Developing informatics theories -Assemble sort of data and how it should be analyzed2. Analyzing the information needs of the organization - 3. Helping org choose computer systems - Assist in system requirements, now and in future4. Customizing purchased computer systems - Assist IT 5. Designing computer information system - assist IT6. Testing new or upgraded computer system - Test when changes or upgrades7. Teaching other people to use the system
Describe 8 of the informatics nurse responsibilities
- Teaching policies involved with information systems - standard operating system and security features2. Describe the effectiveness of the computer system - based on overall performance and how well system design is working3. Making sure the system works as it was designed to - Verifying that system produces expected results and troubleshooting4. Deciding when computer system needs to be upgraded - gauging the obsolescence of hardware and system compatibility with modern software5. Finding new ways to use technology in nursing 6. Ensuring compliance in regulations regarding patient information - patient privacy regulations7. Managing projects as needed8. Conducting research into the field of nursing informatics
Describe the differences between clinical nurses and those nurses who specialize in informatics.
Clinical nurse - revolves around taking care of the patient and use of the computerized system is limited to user level. Their concentration is on accuracy of information that they are interpreting to other caregivers. Trained to handle malfunctions and used as feedback source for informatics developers. Their opinion is key to the success of the system.Nurses who specialize in informatics - focus on the information system. Worry about the security and stability of the systems. Very adept at troubleshooting. Assure that the system is as user-friendly as possible and that it reduces the number of tasks that the traditional clinical nurse has to perform. Proficiency and enhanced productivity are key goals.
Describe the 4 elements in the practice of nursing informatics.
- Focus - patients and their well-being2. Healthcare in general, keeping up with latest state of the art in terms of nursing3. Working environment - how things are laid out to decrease errors and increase efficiency4. Working with others - other practitioners and co-workers
What are the 4 terms of informatics, related to nursing informatics skills?
- Knowledge of data structure, including metastructures2. Knowledge of computer networking3. Knowledge of computer hardware4. Information system training
What formal education (3) should the clinical informatics nurse have>
- A Bachelors degree in Nursing2. A minor (or second major) in computer science program3. Information system training skills
What are the standards based on for the informatics nurse specialist as defined by the American Nursing Association?
Based on the “problem-solving framework”, which includes both traditional aspects of nursing as well as those aspects more specific to the informatics nurse.
W hat are the 5 standards for the informatics nurse specialist as defined by the ANA?
- Assessment2. Diagnosis3. Identification of outcomes4, Planning implementation5. System planning
What are the 3 performance standards that informatics nurses should obtain according to the ANA?
- Quality assurance review of performance evaluation methods, ensuring that the practice of nursing informatics is effective2. Work to create guidelines for research, ethics, peer cooperation, allocation of resources, and effective communication3. Willing to help other nurses who want to improve their skills in informatics and computer science
Describe the role of chief information officer and what degree he/she generally holds.
Head of the information services department and is in charge of hiring information system staff, budgeting for maintenance of the system, and designing and implementing new systems as needed.Holds a masters or doctorate degree in computer science
Describe the role of Chief Privacy Officer and how does he/she get the position..
Federally mandated position at any facility that treats patients. Responsible for all forms of patient information. Generally bestowed on an employee already working for the org. rather than being an entirely spate job.
Describe the role of Chief E-health Officer and why the position is created
Generally in charge of promoting and enabling the use of online interactive patient services.Relatively new position created by the onset of interactive health websites.
Describe the role of Compliance officer and who generally holds this role,
Keeps track of state and federal regulations and accrediting requirements to make sure that the org is in compliance.Held by someone from the information systems department or one of the clinical member staff.
Describe the role of Planning and Recovery Officer.
Ensure that disaster plans are up to date and that they are integrated between departments. Aware of what would be required to recover the full functionality of the information system in the event of a disaster.
Define the role of Interface Engineer and who generally holds the position.
Assures that information integrity is maintained when data is exchanged between different systems.Should be an employee from the information system department.
Describe a workgroup and describe one advantage and disadvantage of a workgroup..
Workgroup - small number of people working together toward a common goal.Advantage 1. Allows for increased insight and creativity.Disadvantage1. Sometimes fail because members of the group allow personal conflicts to interfere with the group’s goal.
Identify the 4 stages in group development and the inter-personal dynamics that generally occur in each stage.
- Forming - Group is formed and members get to know each other. Typically individuals are polite to one another.2. Storming - Conflicts normally arise, and effective communication must be occurring.3. Norming - Conflicting factions make peace and come together. Less communication is occurring.4. Performing - Group begins to work well together and communication is free-flowing.
Discuss 8 communication skills needed for leading intra- and interdisciplinary teams.
- Communicate openly and encourage all members to participate as valued members of the cooperative team.2. Allow free flow of ideas by avoiding interrupting and interpreting the points another is trying to make.3. Avoid jumping to conclusions since it effectively shuts off communication.4. Actively listen - pay attention, ask questions for clarification, not challenging the ideas of others5. Respect the opinions and ideas of others, even if it opposes your own. 6. React and respond to facts versus feelings, avoiding angry confrontations or diffuse anger.7. Clarify information or opinions stated to avoid misunderstanding.8. Keep unsolicited advice out of the conversation as a show of respect and as a way to allow others to solicit advice without feeling pressure.
Disand cuss 5 dynamics of team building.
- Initial interactions - Time when members begin to define their roles and develop relationships, determining if they are comfortable in the group.2. Power issues - Members observe the leader and determine who controls the meeting and how control is exercised, beginning for form alliances.3. Organizing - Methods to achieve work are clarified and team members begin to work together, gaining respect for each other’s contributions and working towards a common goal.4. Team identification - Interactions often become less formal as members develop rapport, and members are more willing to help and support each other to achieve goals.5. Excellence - Develops through a combination of good leadership, committed team members, clear goals, high standards, external recognition, spirit of collaboration, and a shared commitment to the process.
Describe the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for nurses in regards to patients.
- Foremost, the nurse’s responsibility is to the patient. Patient must receive the best possible care and their rights and well-being are respected and maintained.2. Respect and support patient rights, religious beliefs, values, and customs. The patient should be able to live their way of life while under care. This means that they should be allowed to follow their culture and traditions as best as possible.3. Make sure that the patient gives informed consent for any treatment. The right of the patient to accept or refuse a given treatment through the informed consent process is essential.4. Keep patient information confidential. The patient’s right to privacy is protected under law and should be respected.5. In addition, nurses should be proponents for community health and act to promote environmentalism.
Describe the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for nurses in regards to coworkers. There are 8 points.
- Interactions are all aimed towards the well-being of the patient, which requires effective communication with co-workers.2. Keep relationships with co-workers cooperative and professional.3. Make sure patients are safe and promptly deal with unprofessional or dangerous conduct from co-workers.4.. Take care not to delegate more work than the person can handle.5. Promote continuing education in the workplace.6. Keep lines of communication open between departments, management, etc.7. Constantly mentor in appropriate behavior, both workers and management..8. Any drift from optimal conditions should be addressed before the patient is exposed to any negative effects of poor teamwork.
Outline the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics in regard to practice and profession. 6 key points.
- Keep up to date with the practice of nursing through continuing education by taking continuing education courses and adding certifications.2. Look after one’s own health in order to maintain quality of care to the patient.3. Do not take on more than can be reasonably handled. 4. Uphold a high standard of professional conduct.5. Make sure that all new applications of technology are safe for use in treatment and do not compromise the dignity of the patient.6. Develop and put in place ethical standards in clinical, management, education, and research.
Advanced nursing practice: Discuss the 9 ethical principles in practice (Nursing Code of Ethics).
- Nurse treats all individuals with respect and consideration, regardless of social circumstances or health conditions.2. The nurse’s primary commitment is to the individual regardless of conflicts that may arise.3. The nurse promotes and advocates for the individual’s health, safety, and rights, maintaining privacy an confidentiality and protecting him or her from questionable practice or care.4. The nurse is responsible for his/her own care practices and determines appropriate delegation of care.5. The nurse must retain respect for self and his/her own integrity and competence.6. The nurse participates in ensuring that the health care environment is conducive to providing good health care that is consistent with professional and ethical values.7. The nurse participates in education and knowledge development to advance the profession.8. The nurse collaborates with others to promote efforts to meet health needs.9. The nursing profession articulates values and promotes and maintains the integrity of the profession.
Discuss the 7primary ethical principles in the Introduction in the International Medical Informatics Association Code of Ethics.
- autonomy - self-determination2. equality and justice - equal treatment3. beneficence - promoting good5. nonmalifeasance - preventing harm6. impossibility - predicted on possibility7. integrity - honesty and diligence
Discuss the 7 general principles in the Introduction of the International Medical Informatics Association Code of Ethics.
- Right to privacy, regarding sharing of personal information and control of collection, methods of collection, and storage.2. Open process of data collection with patient informed.3. Security of all data collection and protection from data manipulation.4. Right to access of personal data.5. Legitimate infringement or the consideration of the greater good of society in regard to individual’s right to privacy.6. Infringement of right to privacy with minimum interference.7. Accountability for infringement.
Identify the 6 rules of ethical conduct in Part II of the International Medical Informatics Association Code of Ethics.
- subject-centered duties2. duties toward healthcare professionals3. duties towards institution and employers4. duties toward society5. self-regarding duties6. professional duties
What does the fair distribution of health information access relate to and describe?
- information specific to the individual (e.g., EHR)2. data (aggregate and comparative)3. knowledge-based information (journals and websites)
What considerations must be included when dealing with the fair distribution of health information access?
- Right to privacy2. Regulations regarding intellectual property3. Equitable access to information
Discuss the problem associated with the fair distribution of health information access? How should it be overcome?
Many people are unaware of their rights or lack of training or tools to access information.Providing public means of access, such as libraries, and through public health agencies and education to educate the general public. People in rural or isolated areas may be served through telehealth services, using telecommunication to provide information and Internet health resources
Name 6 things to do to promote an environment for ethical decision-making and patient advocacy.
- Org should clearly communicate that nurses are legally and morally responsible for assuring competent care and respecting the rights of patients and other shareholders.2. Ethical issues should be identified and discussed as soon as they arise3. Establish clearly defined procedures and policies for dealing with conflicts, including an active ethics committee, in-service training, and staff meetings.4. Empower patients and family to be part of the ethical environment, by providing them with information that outlines patient rights and procedures for expressing their wishes and dealing with ethical conflicts5. Establish an atmosphere that respects privacy and confidentiality6. Create a non-punitive atmosphere.
Define and identify the components of an EMR.
Created by a hospital or other health care delivery organization (CDO) and the CDO owns it. Consists of: clinical documentation, orders. medications, treatments, and other clinical support. It is a legal record.Uses controlled medical vocabulary so that information will be comparable among providers and interested stakeholders. Organizations receive incentives to install EMRs from healthcare reform.
Define and identify components of an EHR.
Electronic Health Record.Includes information from the EMRs, likely from multiple health delivery organizations.Relies on information from the EMR to complete it.Owned by the patient and stakeholders, which could include the government, insurance companies, and health care providers.Limited EHRs due to limited EMRs with standardized medical vocabulary.Organizations now receiving incentives to install EHRs from healthcare reform
What is cloud computing and what are its strengths and weaknesses?
Using the internet to store and access files as opposed to a business network or a computer hard drive. Healthcare organizations are utilizing the cloud to store information, both EHR and non-EHR related.Strengths - Multiple providers can access records at the same time from different locations, increasing collaboration and decreasing costs.Disadvantages - Since patients’ personal information is being stored on the internet, security from cybercriminals becomes an issue. However, providers are coming up with new agreements to protect private information
Name the 3 types of support personnel as part of information systems.
- Analysts2. Liaisons3. Programmers
Describe the role of an analyst. What education do they require?
They define the way in which clinical data is entered into and processed by the information system.Background in healthcare information systems. Degree in medical field with certificates in computer studies.
Describe the role of liaison. What education do they require?
Act as a conduit between the clinical and information systems staff. Hospital employees chosen to work with the information system team while remaining at their primary clinical post.
Describe the role of programmer. What background do they require?
Write the code necessary for system functions and work with the analyst and liaison in order to accomplish the task.May be full-time hospital staff but are normally contract workers or employees of the software vendor.
Describe the role of security officer for information systems.
Responsible for assigning system codes, making sure passwords are kept secret and updated, and monitoring the overall use of the system. May also be in charge of the physical security of the computers and peripherals.Works with information systems department and management to create org policies and procedures, describing the proper and ethical use of equipment and information.
List the 7 steps in Conflict Resolution.
- Allow both sides to present their side of conflict, without bias, maintaining a focus on opinions rather than individuals.2. Encourage cooperation through cooperation and compromise.3. Maintain focus, providing guidance to keep the discussions on track and avoid arguments.4. Evaluate the need for renegotiation, formal resolution process, or third party.5. Utilize humor and empathy to diffuse escalating tensions.6. Summarize the issues, outlining key arguments.7. Avoid forcing resolution if possible.
Describe high-fidelity simulations.List pros and cons.Provide an example.
Uses real or realistic equipment or materials as part of learning to practice tasks or procedures that they will carry out as part of their jobs.Pro - Most helpful for the learnerCon - Most costly; training that involves practice and assessment of performance is more time-consuming.Example - mannequins
Describe low-fidelity simulations.List pros and cons.Provide an example.
Rely on verbal, print, video, or audio descriptions and often involve discussion of potential actions rather than actual practice. Pros - less expensive; can be completed quicklyCon - Evaluation may not adequately measure clinical expertise.Example - Case study or scenario with specific problems and asked to describe the process for dealing with the problem.
Describe virtual reality.
Involves participation in computer-simulated environments in which participants often have an avatar and may only be viewed on a screen or may require the use of special equipment. Allows the person to interact and have a life-like experience in a learning environment.
What is it called when tactile stimulation is simulated in virtual reality in the health care environment?
Force feedback
How is virtual reality used in medicine or the healthcare environment?
Practice medical techniques like insertion of intravenous lines or cathetersUsed as part of therapy in some treatments, like in the case of phobias.
What is Second Life and who uses it?
Virtual online world that has been incorporated into healthcare educational programs, allowing students to interact in the medical community. CDC has a Second Life site that provides information to visitors about the CDC.
What is over-the-shoulder technology?Name the advantages and disadvantages.
Learner-centered strategy in which the instructor moves about the classroom monitoring the learner’s progress, rather than standing at the front of the classroom and lecturing and is best used in technology instruction.Advantages - allows one-on-one instruction with individual learners as instructor identifies a need or learner requests assistance; instructor is better able to monitor progress.Disadvantages - Many learners may have the same questions so the instructor may waste time answering the same question multiple times to individual students; in a large group, the instructor may not be able to address the needs or questions of all students; may seem impersonal because of less interaction with instructor
Discuss pros and cons of one-on-one discussion.
Pros - More interaction with instructor; learners have more control of the environment by asking questions or having the instructor repeat explanations or demonstrationsGreatly valuable when learners must master certain skills or confidentiality is importantCons- most costly because it is time sensitive
Discuss the pros and cons of group instruction.
Pros- More structured and allotted a certain amount of time so less costly; Especially useful for general types of instruction. such as managing diet or other lifestyle choices Cons- Less costly because the needs of the learners can be met at one time; Because time-sensitive, learners have less control with limited questioning allowed and usually only at the end of the presentation; less learner interaction
What are just-in-time presentations? Provide an exampleList the advantages of this.
It is used when learners need to use the information immediately; may include information given immediately before practice and dispersed throughout the sessionExample - Only when learners need to access data is the presentation about data is given.Advantages- Learners are allowed to draw on information immediately without the typical memory loss that occurs when people try to retrieve info that they learned earlierEspecially useful with procedural information that is not very complex and that assists people in mastering a specific task
Who developed problem-based learning and when?What is problem-based learning?
McMaster University in the 1960sLearner-centered with instructor serving as facilitator where students are presented with a problem and must search for the solution, while facilitator guides the learners by helping them to ask questions to lead to a solution
What does problem-based learning focus on and how is the process of learning enhanced through this method?What is a disadvantage to problem-based learning?
Focuses on the learner’s ability to use critical thinking and problem-solving skills, increasing motivation. It enhances transfer so that information learned in one context is internalized and can then be used in other contextsRequires lots of preparation time and may require an extended learning period
List and describe 12 teaching methods.
- Individual tutorials - effective for supplemental materials and independent study2. Independent study - geared towards the needs of the individual so they can self-pace; may include web-based, paper, or audiovisual material3. Goal-focused - Learners are presented with a goal and all materials and activities are aimed at meeting that goal4. Guided-focused - Learning takes place outside of the formal classroom with materials provided or recommended by the instructor5. Anchored - Activities are based on problem-solving in relation to realistic case studies6. Collaborative - Learners work together to complete a learning activity7. Project-based - Learners develop materials (videos, web pages, pamphlets) regarding a topic8. Problem-based - Learners work in teams to solve problems9. Cognitive apprenticeship - Instructors model, and learners analyze and apply processes10. Simulations - Learners actively participate in simulated activities11. Direct instruction - An instructor-focused presentation12. Cooperative - Small teams work together through a variety of activities to master a subject, with each member responsible for self-learning and learning from others on the team
