CIT from booklet Flashcards
What is qualitative data?
Data described verbally or graphically, results are subjective, and dependent upon observers to provide information.
Describe an example of qualitative data.
Interviews are gathered as a tool to gather information and the researcher’s interpretation of the data is qualitative.
Qualitative data generally be applied to a) small population, b) large population, c) either.
Small population
Qualitative information gathering is often useful when?
At the beginning of the design process for data collection
What is quantitative data?
Data described in terms of numbers within a statistical format and the researcher’s role is objective.
What tools are used in quantitative data?
surveys, questionnaires, or other methods of obtaining numerical data.
Quantitative information gathering is best done when?
After the design of data collection is outlined, usually in later stages
What is primary data?
Original data collected for a particular purpose
What is secondary data?
Data collected for another purpose
What does data management in health care refer to?
the use of computers to store, access, and secure patient information.
What is a relational database?
Where information is stored as tables
What are data warehouses and why do some organizations connect to them?
Often used to store results from clinical trials or insurance membership information and orgs connect to them in order to access very large amounts of stored information.
What is document imaging?
A process where companies scan paper documents into their new computer systems and to transfer patient test results into their computerized record system
What are the 4 types of healthcare related data?
- Medical/clinical data
- Knowledge-based data
- Comparison data
- Aggregate data
What is medical/clinical data?
Patient-specific and includes information regarding patient, diagnosis, treatment, lab findings, consults, care plans, LIP orders, informed consent, and advanced directives. Patient medical record consists of all procedures, discharge summary, and emergency care
What is knowledge-based data?
Information includes methods to ensure that staff is provided training, support, research, library services or other access to information, and good practice guidelines.
What is comparison data?
Data that relates to internal comparisons or external comparisons to benchmarks or best-practice guidelines.
What is aggregate data?
Data includes pharmacy transactions, required reports, demographic information, financial information, hazard and safety practices, and any data not included in the clinical record
Data representation includes what 3 types of coding?
- Binary code
- Hexadecimal coding system
- Unicode standard coding scheme
What is binary code?
Base 2 code to represent values by using strings of 1s and 0s, with 1s stored in magnetized areas of disks (representing on) and 2s stored on non-magnetized areas (representing off).
What is a bit? What is another name for it?
It is in binary code and is each representation of a 0 or a 1. It is also called a binary digit.
Data is converted into bits for digital transmission.
- ) 8 bits =
2) 1,000 bytes =
3) 1 million bytes =
4) 1 billon bytes =
5) 1 trillion bytes =
1) 8 bits = 1 byte
2) 1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte
3) 1 million bytes = 1 megabyte
4) 1 billion bytes = 1 gigabyte
5) 1 trillion bytes = terabytes
The most common binary coding scheme for coding of English and European languages?
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
What is the Hexadecimal Coding System?
The binary system for representing decimal numbers results in much longer strings of digits than is required for the Hexadecimal coding system.
How many characters are represented in a byte in the binary coding system?
256 characters
What does the Hexadecimal Coding system use?
a base of 16 and 16 symbols (usually the numeral 1-9 representing values of 0 to 9 and Arabic letters A through F, representing values 10-15. Coding may use # or &H in front of the code to indicate it is a hexadecimal.
In the hexadecimal coding system, one digit or 4 bits is called what?
Nibble
In the hexadecimal coding system, 8 bits/1 byte is called what?
Octet
The Unicode Standard Coding Scheme is used with what?
Universal Character Set
What is the Unicode Standard Coding Scheme?
A standardized coding system that has a large capacity can be used to represent text for most languages, including Asian.
What can the Unicode Standard Coding Scheme represent?
represents technical characters, punctuation, and mathematic symbols. Provides a specific numeric value for each character. Represents all alphabets for the world languages, ideographic sets, symbols, and 100 scripts
What is the top most valuable assets to using the Unicode Standard Coding Scheme?
- Can be used across multiple platforms
- Makes coding accessible internationally
It is used in many technologies and operating systems
Who promotes and supports Unicode?
Unicode Consortium
What is data aggregation?
Refers to the collection and summation of data for further use, such as for statistical analysis
To make sure data aggregation is effective, data aggregation must be planned and implemented accurately. Name the 7 criteria for planned and accurate data aggregation.
- Applications should integrate with existing hardware, software, and applications and should be adaptable and easy to manage
- Applications should be flexible, using industry standards and supporting multiple reports
- Performance should be fast, effective and predictable
- Results should be scalable
- Implementation should be fast and efficient and require little training
- Use of hardware and software should be efficient, requiring little increase in hardware, software, and storage
- Application should be cost effective for the org
