Test 3: Volcanoes Flashcards
Define active volcano
An active volcano has experienced some activity within the last 10,000 years and is likely to have more activity in the future
define dormant
a volcano that hasnt erupted recently but is expected to do so again
define extinct volcano
has not shown activity for thousands orExtinct volcanoes have not shown signs of activity for thousands or millions of years and are considered highly unlikely to ever erupt again
Herculaneum
Herculaneum is an ancient Roman town that was buried by pyroclastic flow in 79 CE
Conduit
The channel or pipe that carries magma from a reservoir or chamber to the vent where it is erupted.
Pluton
Body of intrusive igneous rock, usually coarse-grained due to slow cooling; solidified magma chamber
Dike/Dyke
Tabular or sheet-like bodies of magma that cut through and across the layering of adjacent rocks
Palisade
An escarpment that forms when erosion exposes a sill
Cinder Cone
A hill created by tiny bits of lava blown out of a volcano and fallen down around the volcanic vent
Strato Volcano
A volcano with relatively steep sides and are more cone-shaped than shield volcanoes
Super Volcano
A volcanic center that has had an eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcano Explosivity Index
Plume Area
A localized body of volcanic rock rising into the crust from the mantle and thought to be the causal mechanism of a hot spot
Cascade Tectonic Zone
A 700-mile fault that runs from northern California up to British Columbia and is about 70-100 miles off the Pacific coast shoreline
Shield Volcano
A volcano that is usually constructed almost entirely of basaltic and/or andesitic lava flows which were very fluid when erupted
Lahar
A hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flow quickly down the slopes of a volcano
Tephra
The general name given to anything thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption
Pyroclastic Bombs
a mass of partially molten rock (tephra) larger than 64 mm in diameter
Pinatubo
n active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains in Luzon in the Philippine
Krakatoa
A caldera volcano in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung
Eyjafjallajokull
A cone-shaped ice cap in south Iceland that covers an active volcano
Juan de Fuca
The Juan de Fuca Plate is a tectonic plate located off the western coast of North America, characterized by its three semi-independent segments: Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and Explorer
Precambrian Shield
A large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas
Pahoehoe
Basaltic lava forming smooth undulating or ropy masses
