Test 3: Topic 11 Flashcards
Tania solium (Pork Tapeworm)
DH:
IH:
MoT:
- Human
- Pigs (also humans)
- Ingestion of undercooked pork
Tania solium
Location in DH:
Pathology:
Symptoms:
- Small intestines
- Adult tapeworm cause verminous intoxication
- Larval form cause cysticercosis
Cysticercosis:
What are two ways to get it?
- Eat eggs in contaminated food
2. Autoinfection (eggs hatch before leaving DH)
T/F Any organ and tissue can have cysticerci
True
Cysticercosis (bladderworm)
Symptoms
Eye: cause blindness
Heart: heart failure
Brain: epilepsy
Taenia solium
Diagnosis:
To:
- Eggs in feces, proglottids, cysticercosis can be diagnosed w/ x-ray/mri
- Praziquantel for adult form, surgery to remove larvae
Taenia solium
Prevention:
Avoid undercooked pork
Explain Taenia solium “Kitchen master” story:
German physician secretly infected condemned murderers by lacing preexecution meals with cysticerci and then during autopsy he found the immature tape worms in the murderers intestine.
Life cycle of Taenia solium:
______ in the small intestines of humans (DH) and ______ are ingested by the pigs (IH).
Adults, eggs
T/F All mammals are host to at least one species of Taenia
True
Hymenolepis nana nickname is
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
DH
IH
- humans and rodents
- Larval (mealworms) and adult beetles
What is the most common tapeworm of humans in the world?
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana:
Location:
Mot: (3)
Pathology and Symptoms:
- Small intestine
- Fecal/oral, ingestion of food w/ feces, ingestion of beetle
- Generally none because the worm is so small
T/F Hymenolepis nana will always have a intermediate host.
False. The intermediate host is optional
Hymenolepsis nana
Diagnosis:
TX:
Prevention:
- Eggs with polar filaments in feces
- Praziquantel
- Removal of rodents from house
Pseudophyllidea (aquatic) Free Living Stages: 1st IH: 2nd IH: DH:
- Egg—->Coracidium
- Procercoid
- Plerocercoid
- Adult
Diphyllobothrium spp. nickname:
Broad fish tapeworm
What are the two common Diphyllobothrium species?
D. latum and D. dendriticum
Diphyllobothrium spp.
DH:
1st IH:
2nd IH:
- Fish eating carnivores
- Crustaceasns and copepods
- Fish, particularly pike and salmonids
Diphyllobothrium spp
MoT:
Location:
Symptoms and Pathology:
-Parasite is eaten (Copepod=coracidium, Fish=procercoid, DH=plerocercoid) -Small intestine -Causes two diseases: Diphyllobothriasis and Sparganosis
Diphyllothriasis is caused by:
Symptoms?
Adult tapeworm from eating fish with plerocercoid
-mostly asymptomatic, but can cause nausea, diarrhea, and weakness
Sparganosis is caused by:
Symptoms?
Larval form (when humans are IH), most infections due to copepods in drinking water -can cause skin ulcers, eye or vagina inflammation/infections
Diphyllobothrium spp.
Diagnosis:
TX:
Prevention:
Diphyllobothriasis: finding eggs in feces
Sparganosis: x-ray and biopsies of lumps
-Praziquantel kills all stages
-Thoroughly cook fish and wash hands
What is the correct name for Tapeworm??
Cestodes
In regards to Cestodes infecting humans, there are two different diseases and pathology:
- The adult form —->
- The larval from—->
- DH and infects the intestinal tract
2. IH and infects the tissues
Name general characteristics of Cestodes:
- Flattened multi-cellular worms
- Considered to be degenerate
- “Ultimate” parasite
- Body not truly segmented
What does it mean that tapeworms are considered degenerate?
- Means that there are no internal organs other than reproductive.
- No mouth
- Live in the intestines w/ feces
What does it mean when tapeworms are said to be the “ultimate parasite”?
- They have amazing holdfast organs
- Then don’t waste energy on organs they don’t need
- Live in the perfect environment ``
What are the 3 parts to Cestodes body?
Scolex (head)
Neck
Strobila (body)
What are the name of the three holdfast organs in the Scolex and their function?
- Acetabulum: cup-like suckers
- Bothria: shallow sucking grooves or pits
- Bothridia: muscular leaf like projections (highly mobile)
Name two other structures at the tip of the Scolex:
Proteinaceous hooks: for anchoring
Rostellum: projection above the suckers
What else does the Scolex contain?
Sense organs and a chief ganglia
T/F The Scolex contains a mouth where it gets it’s nutrients from.
False. Tapeworms have no mouth, the scolex is used for attachment and contains sense organs.
The Strobila is used for what and contains what structures?
Linear series of reproductive organs
- Genitalium
- Proglottid
What is the Tegument of a tapeworm?
It is the skin, where it absorbs all its nutrients.
What are Microthrix of a tapeworm?
What do they do?
Finger-like projections in the tegument which protrude outward in the hosts digestive system.
- Increase surface area for absorption
- Similar to microvilli in host intestines
- Can interdigitate with microvilli
What is the life cycle of Cestodes?
DH eats larval state—> Adults are in intestines of DH—> Proglottids/eggs go out of feces—> IH ingest eggs—> Oncosphere hatches from egg—> Ocosphere penetrate intestine of IH—> Forms larval stage extraintestinally—>
What are the three methods of fertilization of Cestodes?
1.
2.
3.
