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Tropical Diseases > Test 3: Topic 11 > Flashcards

Test 3: Topic 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Tania solium (Pork Tapeworm)
DH:
IH:
MoT:

A
  • Human
  • Pigs (also humans)
  • Ingestion of undercooked pork
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2
Q

Tania solium
Location in DH:
Pathology:
Symptoms:

A
  • Small intestines
  • Adult tapeworm cause verminous intoxication
  • Larval form cause cysticercosis
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3
Q

Cysticercosis:

What are two ways to get it?

A
  1. Eat eggs in contaminated food

2. Autoinfection (eggs hatch before leaving DH)

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4
Q

T/F Any organ and tissue can have cysticerci

A

True

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5
Q

Cysticercosis (bladderworm)

Symptoms

A

Eye: cause blindness
Heart: heart failure
Brain: epilepsy

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6
Q

Taenia solium
Diagnosis:
To:

A
  • Eggs in feces, proglottids, cysticercosis can be diagnosed w/ x-ray/mri
  • Praziquantel for adult form, surgery to remove larvae
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7
Q

Taenia solium

Prevention:

A

Avoid undercooked pork

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8
Q

Explain Taenia solium “Kitchen master” story:

A

German physician secretly infected condemned murderers by lacing preexecution meals with cysticerci and then during autopsy he found the immature tape worms in the murderers intestine.

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9
Q

Life cycle of Taenia solium:

______ in the small intestines of humans (DH) and ______ are ingested by the pigs (IH).

A

Adults, eggs

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10
Q

T/F All mammals are host to at least one species of Taenia

A

True

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11
Q

Hymenolepis nana nickname is

A

Dwarf tapeworm

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12
Q

Hymenolepis nana
DH
IH

A
  • humans and rodents

- Larval (mealworms) and adult beetles

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13
Q

What is the most common tapeworm of humans in the world?

A

Dwarf tapeworm

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14
Q

Hymenolepis nana:
Location:
Mot: (3)
Pathology and Symptoms:

A
  • Small intestine
  • Fecal/oral, ingestion of food w/ feces, ingestion of beetle
  • Generally none because the worm is so small
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15
Q

T/F Hymenolepis nana will always have a intermediate host.

A

False. The intermediate host is optional

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16
Q

Hymenolepsis nana
Diagnosis:
TX:
Prevention:

A
  • Eggs with polar filaments in feces
  • Praziquantel
  • Removal of rodents from house
17
Q 
Pseudophyllidea (aquatic)
Free Living Stages:
1st IH:
2nd IH:
DH:
A
  • Egg—->Coracidium
  • Procercoid
  • Plerocercoid
  • Adult
18
Q

Diphyllobothrium spp. nickname:

A

Broad fish tapeworm

19
Q

What are the two common Diphyllobothrium species?

A

D. latum and D. dendriticum

20
Q

Diphyllobothrium spp.
DH:
1st IH:
2nd IH:

A
  • Fish eating carnivores
  • Crustaceasns and copepods
  • Fish, particularly pike and salmonids
21
Q

Diphyllobothrium spp
MoT:
Location:
Symptoms and Pathology:

A 
-Parasite is eaten
(Copepod=coracidium, Fish=procercoid, DH=plerocercoid)
-Small intestine
-Causes two diseases:
Diphyllobothriasis and Sparganosis
22
Q

Diphyllothriasis is caused by:

Symptoms?

A

Adult tapeworm from eating fish with plerocercoid

-mostly asymptomatic, but can cause nausea, diarrhea, and weakness

23
Q

Sparganosis is caused by:

Symptoms?

A 
Larval form (when humans are IH), most infections due to copepods in drinking water
-can cause skin ulcers, eye or vagina inflammation/infections
24
Q

Diphyllobothrium spp.
Diagnosis:
TX:
Prevention:

A

Diphyllobothriasis: finding eggs in feces
Sparganosis: x-ray and biopsies of lumps
-Praziquantel kills all stages
-Thoroughly cook fish and wash hands

25
Q

What is the correct name for Tapeworm??

A

Cestodes

26
Q

In regards to Cestodes infecting humans, there are two different diseases and pathology:

  1. The adult form —->
  2. The larval from—->
A
  1. DH and infects the intestinal tract

2. IH and infects the tissues

27
Q

Name general characteristics of Cestodes:

A
  • Flattened multi-cellular worms
  • Considered to be degenerate
  • “Ultimate” parasite
  • Body not truly segmented
28
Q

What does it mean that tapeworms are considered degenerate?

A
  • Means that there are no internal organs other than reproductive.
  • No mouth
  • Live in the intestines w/ feces
29
Q

What does it mean when tapeworms are said to be the “ultimate parasite”?

A
  • They have amazing holdfast organs
  • Then don’t waste energy on organs they don’t need
  • Live in the perfect environment ``
30
Q

What are the 3 parts to Cestodes body?

A

Scolex (head)
Neck
Strobila (body)

31
Q

What are the name of the three holdfast organs in the Scolex and their function?

A
  • Acetabulum: cup-like suckers
  • Bothria: shallow sucking grooves or pits
  • Bothridia: muscular leaf like projections (highly mobile)
32
Q

Name two other structures at the tip of the Scolex:

A

Proteinaceous hooks: for anchoring

Rostellum: projection above the suckers

33
Q

What else does the Scolex contain?

A

Sense organs and a chief ganglia

34
Q

T/F The Scolex contains a mouth where it gets it’s nutrients from.

A

False. Tapeworms have no mouth, the scolex is used for attachment and contains sense organs.

35
Q

The Strobila is used for what and contains what structures?

A

Linear series of reproductive organs

  • Genitalium
  • Proglottid
36
Q

What is the Tegument of a tapeworm?

A

It is the skin, where it absorbs all its nutrients.

37
Q

What are Microthrix of a tapeworm?

What do they do?

A

Finger-like projections in the tegument which protrude outward in the hosts digestive system.

  • Increase surface area for absorption
  • Similar to microvilli in host intestines
  • Can interdigitate with microvilli
38
Q

What is the life cycle of Cestodes?

A 
DH eats larval state—> Adults are in intestines of DH—> 
Proglottids/eggs go out of feces—>
IH ingest eggs—>
Oncosphere hatches from egg—>
Ocosphere penetrate intestine of IH—>
Forms larval stage extraintestinally—>
39
Q

What are the three methods of fertilization of Cestodes?

A

1.
2.
3.

Tropical Diseases (4 decks)

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