Test 2: Topic 5

Question 1

Name 3 things that all sporozoa are..

Answer 1

1. Single-celled organisms
2. All are parasitic
3. All are obligate intracellular parasites

Question 2

On the Anterior end of the infective life stage, sporozoites have a _______

Answer 2

apical complex

Question 3

What is a apical complex

Answer 3

set of organelles specifically adapted to allow the parasite to invade host cells

Question 4

The apical complex includes vesicles called ______ and _______, which secrete ________ for entry into cells.

Answer 4

rhoptries, micronemes, enzymes

Question 5

T/F most sporozoa have a complex two host life cycle?

Answer 5

True, involves several stages that are morphologically similar

Question 6

T/F only asexual reproduction occur in all sporozoa species

Answer 6

False, both asexual and sexual reproduction happens

Question 7

In Cryptosporidium Parvum, name the:

• DH:
• IH:
• MoT:
• Location in DH:

Answer 7

Humans, most mammals
None
Fecal-oral
Invades cells lining the small intestines, (ileum)

Question 8

What sporozoa infected hundreds of utah public pools in 20 different counties?

Answer 8

Crypto Parvum

Question 9

In C. Parvum, name the:

• Pathology:
• Disease:
• Symptoms:

Answer 9

• Invades and lyses intestinal epithelium cells
• cryptosporidiosis
• severe watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and weight loss

Question 10

In C. Parvum, name the:

• Diagnosis:
• Treatment:
• Prevention:

Answer 10

• oocyts in fecal throat (acid-fast stain) biopsy of small intestine
• usually not necessary, but nitazoxanide if needed
• filtered or bottled water

Question 11

In Toxoplasma gondii, name the:

• DH:
• IH:
• MoT:
• Location in DH:

Answer 11

• cats
• domestic and wild animals (optional)
• cat ingests infected host or oocysts
• mostly intestinal in cats (entero)

Question 12

In Toxoplasma gondii,, name the:

• Pathology:
• Disease:
• Symptoms:

Answer 12

• Premunition can occur in immunocompetent pts,
• Toxoplasmosis (acute, subacute, and chronic)
• Usually asymptomatic in cats and humans

Question 13

In Toxoplasma gondii,, name the:

• Diagnosis:
• Treatment:
• Prevention:

Answer 13

• fecal float for cat, ELISA test for humans, antibodies
• Only for immunocompromised, Daraprim (pyrimethamine)
• cook meat, hygiene, avoid cat poop, modify cat behavior

Question 14

With Toxoplasma gondii, humans are a:
MoT:
Location:

Answer 14

Accidental IH and dead end host,
MoT: ingest oocysts from feces or uncooked meats
Any cells

Question 15

What is the difference between bradyzoites and tachyzoites?

Answer 15

T: rapidly replicating form, infect any nucleated cell, acute infection
B:slowly replicating form, forms tissue cysts in brain and muscle (intracellular), latent infection

Question 16

In what stage is Toxoplasma gondii when its in the intestines of a cat?

Answer 16

trophozoites

Question 17

Most common protozoan infection

Answer 17

Toxoplasmosis

Question 18

Name of the man that created Daraprim

Answer 18

Martin Shkreli

Question 19

What does premunition mean?

Answer 19

the phenomenon when a persistent low level of infection protects the host from a high level of infection

Question 20

Describe Acute Toxoplasmosis:

Answer 20

1. Acute: very quick infection
   Fever, swollen lymph, muscle pain, anemia,
   Usually stopped by immune system

Question 21

Describe Subacute Toxoplasmosis:

Answer 21

Subacute: occurs when immunity develops slowly,

Destroys liver, heart, brain, eyes

Question 22

Describe Chronic Toxoplasmosis:

Answer 22

Cysts form after immunity established
When immune system weak, cysts break and cause a relapses of symptoms
Damage accumulates over time

Question 23

Describe Congenital Toxoplasmosis:

Answer 23

Occurs when mother is infected during first two trimesters of pregnancy (one of leading causes of spontaneous abortions)
Merozoites infect fetus
Causes Hydrocephalus, enlargement of the cranium

Question 24

What is the number 1 killer among parasites and vector diseases?

Answer 24

Malaria

Question 25

In Plasmodium spp., name the:

• DH:
• IH:
• MoT:
• Location in DH:

Answer 25

• Anopheles mosquito
• Humans and other primates
• Injected with bite of mosquito
• Liver and RBCs