Test 2: Topic 5 Flashcards
Name 3 things that all sporozoa are..
- Single-celled organisms
- All are parasitic
- All are obligate intracellular parasites
On the Anterior end of the infective life stage, sporozoites have a _______
apical complex
What is a apical complex
set of organelles specifically adapted to allow the parasite to invade host cells
The apical complex includes vesicles called ______ and _______, which secrete ________ for entry into cells.
rhoptries, micronemes, enzymes
T/F most sporozoa have a complex two host life cycle?
True, involves several stages that are morphologically similar
T/F only asexual reproduction occur in all sporozoa species
False, both asexual and sexual reproduction happens
In Cryptosporidium Parvum, name the:
- DH:
- IH:
- MoT:
- Location in DH:
Humans, most mammals
None
Fecal-oral
Invades cells lining the small intestines, (ileum)
What sporozoa infected hundreds of utah public pools in 20 different counties?
Crypto Parvum
In C. Parvum, name the:
- Pathology:
- Disease:
- Symptoms:
- Invades and lyses intestinal epithelium cells
- cryptosporidiosis
- severe watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and weight loss
In C. Parvum, name the:
- Diagnosis:
- Treatment:
- Prevention:
- oocyts in fecal throat (acid-fast stain) biopsy of small intestine
- usually not necessary, but nitazoxanide if needed
- filtered or bottled water
In Toxoplasma gondii, name the:
- DH:
- IH:
- MoT:
- Location in DH:
- cats
- domestic and wild animals (optional)
- cat ingests infected host or oocysts
- mostly intestinal in cats (entero)
In Toxoplasma gondii,, name the:
- Pathology:
- Disease:
- Symptoms:
- Premunition can occur in immunocompetent pts,
- Toxoplasmosis (acute, subacute, and chronic)
- Usually asymptomatic in cats and humans
In Toxoplasma gondii,, name the:
- Diagnosis:
- Treatment:
- Prevention:
- fecal float for cat, ELISA test for humans, antibodies
- Only for immunocompromised, Daraprim (pyrimethamine)
- cook meat, hygiene, avoid cat poop, modify cat behavior
With Toxoplasma gondii, humans are a:
MoT:
Location:
Accidental IH and dead end host,
MoT: ingest oocysts from feces or uncooked meats
Any cells
What is the difference between bradyzoites and tachyzoites?
T: rapidly replicating form, infect any nucleated cell, acute infection
B:slowly replicating form, forms tissue cysts in brain and muscle (intracellular), latent infection
In what stage is Toxoplasma gondii when its in the intestines of a cat?
trophozoites
Most common protozoan infection
Toxoplasmosis
Name of the man that created Daraprim
Martin Shkreli
What does premunition mean?
the phenomenon when a persistent low level of infection protects the host from a high level of infection
Describe Acute Toxoplasmosis:
- Acute: very quick infection
Fever, swollen lymph, muscle pain, anemia,
Usually stopped by immune system
Describe Subacute Toxoplasmosis:
Subacute: occurs when immunity develops slowly,
Destroys liver, heart, brain, eyes
Describe Chronic Toxoplasmosis:
Cysts form after immunity established
When immune system weak, cysts break and cause a relapses of symptoms
Damage accumulates over time
Describe Congenital Toxoplasmosis:
Occurs when mother is infected during first two trimesters of pregnancy (one of leading causes of spontaneous abortions)
Merozoites infect fetus
Causes Hydrocephalus, enlargement of the cranium
What is the number 1 killer among parasites and vector diseases?
Malaria
In Plasmodium spp., name the:
- DH:
- IH:
- MoT:
- Location in DH:
- Anopheles mosquito
- Humans and other primates
- Injected with bite of mosquito
- Liver and RBCs
