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AP Biology 1st semester > Test 3- Respiration & Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Test 3- Respiration & Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Which process precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

A

Catabolism

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2
Q

Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?

A

They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers

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3
Q

Which of the following is a statement of the first law thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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4
Q

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than Kinetic Energy?

A

A molecule of glucose

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5
Q

The active site of an enzyme is the region that

A

Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme

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6
Q

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction

A

Loses electrons and loses potential energy

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7
Q

When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?

A

The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released

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8
Q

Why does oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy?

A

Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O)

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9
Q

Which of the following statements describes NAD+?

A

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

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10
Q

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

A

Cytosol

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11
Q

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

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12
Q

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

A

Accepting electrons at the end of the electric transport chain

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13
Q

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally weather oxygen (O2) is present or absent?

A

Glycolysis

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14
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percent of ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

A

100%

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15
Q

During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of potential energy containing glucose is

A

Retained in the two pyruvates

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16
Q

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

A

NADH and pyruvate

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17
Q

Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are

A

2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

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18
Q

A molecule that is phosphorylated

A

Has an increased chemical potential energy; it is primed to do cellular work

19
Q

Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?

A

It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP

20
Q

Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule pyruvate?

A

Acetyl CoA

21
Q

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

A

2

22
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

A

Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle

23
Q

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

A

Act as an accepter for electrons and hydrogen? forming water

24
Q

Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

A

Citric acid cycle –> NADH –> electron transfer chain –> oxygen

25
Q

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+Pi to ATP?

A

Energy released from movement of proteins through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient

26
Q

Where is ATP synthesis located in the mitochondrion?

A

Inner membrane

27
Q

How many oxygen molecules (O2) are required each time a molecule from glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water via anaerobic respiration?

A

6

28
Q

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

29
Q

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

60-64

30
Q

Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen is present?

A

Glycolysis

31
Q

The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

32
Q

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of

A

ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

33
Q

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (18O) later analysis will show that all the following modules produced by the algae contain 18O except

A

02

34
Q

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

A

ATP and NADPH

35
Q

What oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

A

Splitting water molecules

36
Q

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?

A

Blue and violet

37
Q

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the pigment molecule in a light harvesting complex?

A

Transfer light energy to the Reaction-center chlorophyll

38
Q

Which of the events listed below occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a

39
Q

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem 1?

A

Receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain

40
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

A

Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules whereas respiration releases it

41
Q

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

A

Both photosynthesis and respiration

42
Q

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

A

Respiration only

43
Q

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

A

Synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide

AP Biology 1st semester (4 decks)

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