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chemistry > test 3. redox, grp 2 and grp 7 > Flashcards

test 3. redox, grp 2 and grp 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the oxidation state of an element?

A

0

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2
Q

oxidation state of group 1

A

+1

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3
Q

oxidation state of group 2

A

+2

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4
Q

oxidation state of oxygen

A

-2

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5
Q

oxidation state of oxygen in F20 and Peroxides

A

F2O= +2

Peroxides = -1

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6
Q

oxidation state of hydrogen

A

+1

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7
Q

oxidation state of hydrogen in METAL hydroxides

A

-1

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8
Q

oxidation state of flourine

A

-1

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9
Q

oxidation state of group 7

A

-1

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10
Q

oxidation in terms of electrons

A

loss of electrons

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11
Q

reduction in terms of electrons

A

gain of electrons

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12
Q

oxidation in terms of oxidation state

A

increase in oxidation state
e.g (0 to +2)

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13
Q

reduction in terms of oxidation state

A

reduction in oxidation state (0 to -2)

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14
Q

a general equation for a typical redox reaction

A

metal+ acid -> salt+ hydrogen

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15
Q

what is calcium hydroxide

A

lime water

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16
Q

hydroxide general equation

A

oxide(s) + water(l) → hydroxide(aq)

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17
Q

what causes an increase in ph (not spec friendly)

A

more hydroxide ions, OH–, dissociate into a solution cause the pH to increase

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18
Q

trend in solubility of group 2

A
  • increase solubility down the grp
    -higher ph/ becomes more alkaline
    -coz more OH- released
    -so there is a higher conc. of oh- ions present.
19
Q

barium oxide and water equation

(BARIUM CAN BE SWAPPED WITH LITERALLY ANY GRP 2 METAL)

A

BaO(s) + H₂O(l) →Ba(OH)₂ (aq)

20
Q

another name for group 2

A

alkaline earth metals.

21
Q

what are the uses for group 2 Compounds

A
  • Indigestion treatments
  • agriculture
22
Q

what grp 2 compounds are used in agriculture and why

A

calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)₂

to increase the Ph of the soil and make it more alkali

equation Ca(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + 2H₂O

23
Q

what grp 2 compounds are used in indigestion treatment

A

CaCO3 EQUATION: CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H2O + CO₂

and

Mg(OH)₂ EQUATION: Mg(OH)₂ + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + 2H₂O +

24
Q

why are group 2 metals s block elements

(why is nay element in any block)

A

the highest energy electron is in an s sub shell

25
Q

what is the trend in reactivity of group 2 and why

A

-the reactivity of grp 2 increases DOWN a period
-and become more powerful reducing agents
-because the outer shell electron is lost more easily
COZ
-sum of 1st and 2nd ionisation energy decrease down the grp
-nuclear attraction decreases
- coz larger atomic radius means greater electron sheilding

26
Q

what are the 3 redox reactiions of grp 2 that I need to know?

A

grp 2 with

oxygen
water
acids

27
Q

general equation for grp 2 and oxygen

A

2M(s) + O₂(g) → 2MO(s)

28
Q

general equation for grp 2 and water

A

M(s) + 2H₂O(l) → M(OH)₂ (aq) + H₂

29
Q

general word equation for grp 2 and acids

A

metal + acid → salt(aq) + hydrogen(g)

30
Q

what shell do all halogens end in

A

(s2 or p5)

31
Q

what is the grp 7 trend in boiling point

A
  • boiling point increases down the group
    -more electrons
    -more London forces between molecules
  • more energy needed to overcome
32
Q

what is the grp 7 trend in reactivity

A
  • decrease down a grp
  • weaker oxidising power
    -increased number of electrons
    -more shielding
    -larger atomic radius
    -weaker nuclear attraction
    -harder to gain electrons
33
Q

Observations in aqueous solution

A
34
Q

Observations with an organic solvent

A
35
Q

what are the 3 displacement reactions I need to know

A

Cl and Br
Cl and I
Br and I

36
Q

what are the 3 displacement reactions Ionic I need to know

A

1) Cl₂ (aq) + 2Br-(aq) → 2Cl- (aq) + Br₂ (aq)
2) Cl₂ (aq) + 2I-(aq) → 2Cl- (aq) + I₂ (aq)
3) Br₂ (aq) + 2I-(aq) → 2Br- (aq) + I₂ (aq)

37
Q

what is disproportionation

A

when the same element is oxidised and reduced

38
Q

what example of a disproportionation do i need to learn

A

chlorine with COLD aqueous sodium hydroxide

Cl₂(aq)+ 2NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq)+ NaClO(aq) + H₂O (l)

39
Q

NaClO(aq) household name

A

bleach

40
Q

bleach chemical formula

A

NaClO(aq)

41
Q

halides with silver nitrate general ionic equation

A

Ag+ (aq) + X-(aq) → AgX(s)

42
Q

what precipitates form with silver nitrate chlorine bromine and iodine

A

AgCl = white

AgBr= cream

AgI yellow

43
Q

further testing with amonia results

A

AgCl = redisolves in dilute amonia

AgBr= redissolves in concentrated amonia soloution

AgI+ does not redisolve

chemistry (5 decks)

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