Test 3 questions

Question 1

Which types of life cycles will you encounter in the division Phaeophyta?

Answer 1

• Isomorphic alternations of generations
• Diplontic with gametic meiosis
• Heteromorphic alternation of generations

Question 2

Brown algae are called as isokonts because they produce motile male gametes and zoospores that contain two flagella of same type and lenght.

True of False

Answer 2

False

Brown algae have non-motile gametes.

Question 3

Which group of algae shows some level of advancement in tissue differentiation?

Answer 3

Phaeophyta

-have medulla, cortex and cuticle

Question 4

Which of the following pigment makes members of Rhodophyta to live in deeper waters and do efficient photosynthesis?

2 types

Answer 4

Phycerythrins (red pigment)
Phycocyanins (blue pigment)

Question 5

Kelps exhibit the fastest growth rate among the macroalgae and hence play a critical role in the productivity of the marine ecosystem.

True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The main function of the holdfast in the brown algae is to absorb water

True or False

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Brown algae are the most advanced group among algae. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Brown Algae?

• having tissue differentiation in their stipe
• having root-like holdfast, stem-like stipe, and leafy frond for photsynthesis
• Having stomata on the surface of their fronds
• Having specialized cells for the conduction of photosynthetic products

Answer 7

Having stomata on the surface of their fronds

Question 8

Explain the potential and the benefits of seaweed as an alternate source of income for Belizean Fishermen.

Answer 8

• Seaweed farming prevents fishers from overfishing. During the off-season of spawning/reproduction for the fishes, fishermen are still given a source of income through seaweed farming; thus giving the fishes time to procreate.
• Seaweed is very beneficial as it contains many nutrients and minerals. It is very easy to cultivate and grows very rapidly. It is used in drinks such as seaweed shakes and is used as a treatment for many diseases such as glaucoma and arthritis or as a dietary supplement.
• It is also used for hair products as well as other skin care products. It is of high demand because of its growing popularity and at this moment the cost of a pound of seaweed is very high.

Question 9

The flagella of the Phaeophyta and Bryophyta are of the same types.

True or False

Answer 9

False

Question 10

The heteromorphic life cycle refers to the condition where the gametophyte and the sporophyte are different from each other in appearance.

True or False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Brown Algae produce motile cells with 2 identical flagella.

True or False

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Members of Phaeophyta show advanced characteristics compared to other algae. Justify this statement by using some examples/features you have studied from that group.

Answer 12

Members of Phaeophyta have more structures that are more similar to that of higher plants.
- They have a stipe which is a stem-like structure, a blade which is leaf like and a holdfast whic is used for anchorage and looks similar to roots.

• They can easily be mistaken for higher plants because of their appearance.
• They have differentiated tissues as opposed to other divisions of algae. Their layers are outer epidermis, cortex and medulla.
• They also have sugar conducting cells; which are not found in other forms of algae.
• They have air bladders which allows them to float to the surface of the water and harvest more sunlight for photosynthesis.

Division Phaeophyta are known to be the complex forms of algae because of all these characteristics.

Question 13

Match the group of algae with their cell wall composition or pigments or storage molecules.

• Agarose & Floridean starch
• Amylose & Cellulose
• Chrysolamarin & Fucoxanthin
• Peptidoglycan & Phycobilins
• Alginic acid & Laminarin

Choices: Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Phaeophyt

Answer 13

• Agarose & Floridean starch- Rhodophyta
• Amylose & Cellulose- Chlorophyta
• Chrysolamarin & Fucoxanthin- Bacillariophyta
• Peptidoglycan & Phycobilins- Cyanophyta
• Alginic acid & Laminarin- Phaeophyta

Question 14

Which of the following found in Embryphytes helps resist unfavorable conditions?

Answer 14

Sporopollenin

Question 15

Which group of chemicals is used as a binding agent in the pharmaceutical industry and in making dentures?

Answer 15

Alginate

Question 16

The presence of halogenated terpenes protects brown algae and liverworts from herbivory.

True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which of the following statement is NOT true regarding the red Algae?

• The carpogonium represents the female gametangium
• The carpospores are diploid and germinate to become tetrasporophyte
• The tetrasporophyte will produce tetraspores after undergoing meiosis
• The spermatogonium produce motile sperms that swim and reach the carpogonium.

Answer 17

The spermatogonium produce motile sperms that swim and reach the carpogonium.

Question 18

Match the type of life cycle with the group of algae

Answer 18

Haploid and diploid phase has the same type of thallus in appearance as in Ulva- Isomorphic alternation of generation

Only haploid phase- No sexual reproduction as in Blue green algae

Haplontic life cycle- Haploid phase dominates, diploid phase represented only by zygote as in Charophyta

Diplontic life cycle- Diploid phase dominates, haploid phase represented by only gametes as in Sargassum

The haploid phase and diploid phase have two distinct thalli in appearance and genetic makeup as in Laminaria - Heteromorphic alternation of generation

Question 19

Members of Phaeophyta produce motile reproductive cells with only one type of flagella

Answer 19

False

Question 20

The pneumatocyst contain:

*Compound inside it

Answer 20

Oxygen