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Anatomy > Test 3 Muscle AXNs, Attachments, Nerves > Flashcards

Test 3 Muscle AXNs, Attachments, Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic splanchnic nn origin

A

S2, S3, S4 ventral rami

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2
Q

lumbar splanchnic nn origin

A

T1-L2

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3
Q

innervation of ureters: parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

innervation of ureters: sympathetic
what TYPE of info and where does it go?
what is the referred pain pattern?

A

afferent pain info and sensory stretch, goes back towards T11-L2
referred pain: ipsilateral along subcostal, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral nn distribution

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5
Q

innervation of ureters: parasympathetic

what is under parasympathetic control and what is the origin?

A

vagus n and S2, S3, S4 ventral rami

motor: contraction and peristaltic motion of ureters

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6
Q

external urethral sphincter

A 
somatic efferents (motor)
pudendal n, S2, S3, S4 ventral rami
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7
Q

bladder

A 
parasympathetic fibers (pelvic splanchnic nn S2, S3, S4)
sympathetic fibers (hypogastric plexus through T11-L2 regions of spinal cord)
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8
Q

what neural message(s) do the pelvic splanchnic nn to the bladder carry?

A
  1. visceral afferent (sensory to detrusor muscle to determine level of stretch and relays PAIN from lower bladder)
  2. motor (to detrusor muscles – causes smooth muscle wall of bladder to contract)
  3. inhibition (to internal sphincter – relaxes and urine can flow)
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9
Q

urethra

A

EUS is under voluntary control (pudendal n S2, S3, S4)

sensory afferents run in pelvic splanchnic nn (parasympathetic)

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10
Q

internal urethral sphincter: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic

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11
Q

internal urethral sphincter: sympathetic function and levels

A

T10-L2

keeps it contracted

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12
Q

internal urethral sphincter: parasympathetic function and levels

A

S2, S3, S4

inhibits, so IUS can relax

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13
Q

vagina

A

sympathetics via L1/L2

parasympathetics, S2, S3, S4 via pelvic splanchnic

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14
Q

what does the pudendal n innervate?

A

is S2, S3, S4
somatic motor supply to skeletal muscles:
- external anal sphincter
- external urethral sphincter
afferent supply to skin of perineal region

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15
Q

external anal sphincter

A

S4 ventral ramus (voluntary control)

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16
Q

internal anal sphincter

A

supplied by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to maintain or inhibit tone (respectively)

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17
Q

gluteus maximus proximal attachment

A

posterior ilium to posterior gluteal line
dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament

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18
Q

gluteus maximus distal attachment

A

iliotibial tract

some fibers to gluteal tuberosity of femur

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19
Q

gluteus maximus action

A

hip extension; extension of trunk when LEs are fixed

assists with ER/ LR of thigh

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20
Q

gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal n (L5, S1, S2)

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21
Q

where does the iliotibial tract insert?

A

lateral tibial condyle

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22
Q

gluteus medius proximal attachment

A

external surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

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23
Q

gluteus medius distal attachment

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

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24
Q

gluteus medius action

A 
anterior and posterior fibers: 
abduct thigh
abduction of pelvis 
levels pelvis when opposite leg is raised 
anterior fibers: internal rotation
posterior fibers: external rotation
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25
Q

gluteus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal n (L4, L5, S1)

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26
Q

gluteus minimus proximal attachment

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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27
Q

gluteus minimus distal attachment

A

anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

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28
Q

gluteus minimus action

A

abduct hip
IR hip
abduct pelvis

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29
Q

gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal n (L4, L5, S1)

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30
Q

piriformis proximal attachment

A

anterior surface of sacrum
sacrotuberous ligament
(exits greater sciatic foramen)

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31
Q

piriformis distal attachment

A

superior border of greater trochanter of femur

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32
Q

piriformis action

A

ER of extended/ neutral femur
ABD flexed hip
steadies femoral head in acetabulum

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33
Q

piriformis innervation

A

N. to piriformis (S1*, S2)

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34
Q

obturator internus proximal attachment

A

pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding pelvis bones

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35
Q

obturator internus distal attachment

A 
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
trochanteric fossa (also blends with gemelli mm here)
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36
Q

obturator internus action

A

ER extended femur
ABD flexed thigh
steadies femoral head

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37
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

n to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1*)

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38
Q

superior gemellus proximal attachment

A

ischial spine

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39
Q

superior gemellus distal attachment

A

medial surface of greater trochanter, trochanteric fossa

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40
Q

superior gemellus action

A

ER extended thigh
ABD flexed thigh
steadies femur

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41
Q

superior gemellus innervation

A

n. to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1*)

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42
Q

inferior gemellus proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

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43
Q

inferior gemellus distal attachment

A

medial surface of greater trochanter, trochanteric fossa

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44
Q

inferior gemellus action

A

ER extended thigh
ABD flexed thigh
steadies femur

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45
Q

inferior gemellus innervation

A

n. to quadratus femoris and inferior Gemellus (L5, S1)

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46
Q

quadratus femoris proximal attachment

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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47
Q

quadratus femoris distal attachment

A

quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur (+ just inferior to it)

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48
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

ER of thigh

steadies femoral head

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49
Q

quadratus femoris innervation

A

n to quadratus femoris and inferior Gemellus (L5 ,S1)

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50
Q

obturator externus proximal attachment

A

margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

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51
Q

obturator externus distal attachment

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

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52
Q

obturator externus action

A

ER hip

steadies head of femur

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53
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

obturator n (posterior division) L3, L4*

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54
Q

semitendinosus proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

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55
Q

semitendinosus distal attachment

A

medial surface of superior tibia (per anserine, sgT)

SGT = sergeant or “say grace before tea”

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56
Q

semitendinosus action

A

extend hip
flex knee
IR hip
extend trunk if in closed kinematic chain

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57
Q

semitendinosus innervation

A

tibial portion of sciatic n (L5, S1, S2)

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58
Q

semimembranosus proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

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59
Q

semimembranosus distal attachment

A

posterior part of medial tibial condyle

reflected attachment to oblique popliteal ligament (semimembranosus and oblique popliteal ligament = SMOP)

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60
Q

semimembranosus action

A

extend hip
flex knee
IR hip
extend trunk if in closed kinematic chain

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61
Q

semimembranosus innervation

A

tibial portion of sciatic n (L5, S1, S2)

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62
Q

biceps femoris long head proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

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63
Q

biceps femoris long head distal attachment

A

lateral head of fibula

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64
Q

biceps femoris long head action

A

extend hip
flex knee
ER hip

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65
Q

biceps femoris long head innervation

A

tibial portion of sciatic n (L5, S1, S2)

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66
Q

biceps femoris short head proximal attachment

A

linea aspera

lateral supracondylar line of femur

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67
Q

biceps femoris short head distal attachment

A

lateral head of fibula

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68
Q

biceps femoris short head action

A

flex knee

ER hip

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69
Q

biceps femoris short head innervation

A

common (fibular) peroneal portion of sciatic n (L5 ,S1*, S2)

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70
Q

plantaris proximal attachment

A

inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur

oblique popliteal ligament

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71
Q

plantaris distal attachment

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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72
Q

what does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

skin overlying popliteal fossa

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73
Q

pectineus proximal attachment

A

superior ramus of pubis

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74
Q

pectineus distal attachment

A

pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter

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75
Q

pectineus action

A

adduct hip
flex hip
assist with IR of hip

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76
Q

pectineus innervation

A 
femoral n (L2*, L3)
sometimes branch from obturator n
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77
Q

psoas major proximal attachment

A

lateral aspect of T12-L5 + discs

transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae

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78
Q

psoas major distal attachment

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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79
Q

psoas major action

A

flex hip

stabilize hip joint (with psoas minor and iliacus)

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80
Q

psoas major innervation CHECKKKKKKK

A

L1, L2, L3 ventral rami

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81
Q

psoas minor proximal attachment

A

lateral aspect of T12-L1 + discs

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82
Q

psoas minor distal attachment

A

iliopectineal eminence

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83
Q

psoas minor action

A

** with psoas major and iliacus
flexes hip
stabilizes hip joint

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84
Q

psoas minor innervation

A

L1, L2 ventral rami

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85
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) proximal attachment

A

ASIS

anterior part of iliac crest

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86
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) distal attachment

A

iliotibial band (which then attaches to lateral tibial condyle at Gerdy’s tubercle)

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87
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) action

A 
abducts hip
IR hip
flexes hip
caveats:
- helps support femur on tibia while standing 
- may be secondary knee flexor once knee is flexed >30 degrees
- may assist with knee extension
- steadies trunk on thigh
88
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

89
Q

sartorius proximal attachment

A

ASIS

superior part of notch

90
Q

sartorius distal attachment

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)

91
Q

sartorius action

A 
flex hip
abduct hip
ER hip
flex knee
IR of tibia on femur 
considered secondary muscles, assisting all other muscles helping with tailor sit
92
Q

sartorius innervation

A

femoral n (L2, L3)

93
Q

quadriceps femoris muscles (superficial and deep, and which is 2 joint)

A 
superficial:
- rectus femoris (2 joint)
- vastus lataralis
- vastus medialis 
deep:
- vastus intermedius
94
Q

rectus femoris proximal attachment

A

AIIS

ilium, superior to acetabulum

95
Q

rectus femoris distal attachment

A

base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

96
Q

rectus femoris action

A

extend leg at knee joint

flex hip

97
Q

rectus femoris innervation

A

femoral n (L2, L3, L4)

98
Q

vastus lateralis proximal attachment

A

greater trochanter
lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
lateral intermuscular septum

99
Q

vastus lateralis distal attachment

A

base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

100
Q

vastus lateralis action

A

extend leg at knee joint

101
Q

vastus lateralis innervation

A

femoral n (L2, L3, L4)

102
Q

vastus medialis proximal attachment

A

intertrochanteric line

medial lip of linea aspera of femur

103
Q

vastus medialis distal attachment

A

base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

104
Q

vastus medialis action

A

extend leg at knee joint

105
Q

vastus medialis innervation

A

femoral n (L2, L3, L4)

106
Q

vastus intermedius proximal attachment

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur

107
Q

vastus intermedius distal attachment

A

base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

108
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

extend leg at knee joint

109
Q

vastus intermedius innervation

A

femoral n (L2, L3, L4)

110
Q

saphenous nerve provides innervation to…

A

sensory innervation to anteriomedial, medial, and posteriomedial surface of leg
passes through adductor canal and supplies medial leg

111
Q

adductor longus proximal attachment

A

body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest

112
Q

adductor longus distal attachment

A

middle third of linea aspera of femur

113
Q

adductor longus action

A

adduction of hip/ thigh

114
Q

adductor longus innervation

A

anterior branch of obturator n (L2, L3*, L4)

115
Q

adductor brevis proximal attachment

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

116
Q

adductor brevis distal attachment

A

pectineal line

proximal part of linea aspera of femur

117
Q

adductor brevis action

A

adduction of hip

assist with hip flexion

118
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

anterior branch of obturator nerve (L2, L3*, L4)

119
Q

adductor magnus adductor portion proximal attachment

A

inferior ramus of pubis

ramus of ischium

120
Q

adductor magnus adductor portion distal attachment

A

gluteal tuberosity
linea aspera
medial supracondylar line

121
Q

adductor magnus adductor portion action

A

adduct thigh

flex thigh

122
Q

adductor magnus adductor portion innervation

A

posterior branch of obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

123
Q

adductor magnus hamstring portion proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

124
Q

adductor magnus hamstring portion distal attachment

A

adductor tubercle of femur

125
Q

adductor magnus hamstring portion action

A

adduct thigh

extend thigh

126
Q

adductor magnus hamstring portion innervation

A

tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4*)

127
Q

gracilis proximal attachment

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

128
Q

gracilis distal attachment

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus)

129
Q

gracilis action

A

adduct hip
flex knee
assist with IR of tibia at knee

130
Q

gracilis innervation

A

anterior branch of obturator n

131
Q

tibialis anterior proximal attachment

A

lateral condyle
superior half of lateral surface of tibia
interosseous membrane

132
Q

tibialis anterior distal attachment

A

medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform

based of 1st metatarsal

133
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

strong dorsiflexor of ankle

weak investor of foot

134
Q

tibialis anterior innervation

A

deep peroneal n (L4*, L5)

135
Q

extensor hallucis longus proximal attachment

A

middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

136
Q

extensor hallucis longus distal attachment

A

dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

137
Q

extensor hallucis longus action

A

extends great toe
DF ankle
invert foot

138
Q

extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

deep peroneal n (L4*, L5, S1) – can vary

139
Q

extensor digitorum longus proximal attachment

A

lateral condyle of tibia

proximal 3/4 medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

140
Q

extensor digitorum longus distal attachment

A

base of middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

141
Q

extensor digitorum longus action

A

** extend lateral 4 digits
DF ankle
weak everter of foot

142
Q

extensor digitorum longus innervation

A

deep peroneal n (L4*, L5, S1)

143
Q

peroneus tertius proximal attachment

A

inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

144
Q

peroneus tertius distal attachment

A

dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

145
Q

peroneus tertius action

A

DF ankle

assist with eversion of foot

146
Q

peroneus tertius innervation

A

deep peroneal n (L4*, L5, S1)

147
Q

peroneus longus proximal attachment

A

head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

148
Q

peroneus longus distal attachment

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

149
Q

peroneus longus action

A

eversion of foot
PF of ankle
depresses base of 1st metatarsal

150
Q

peroneus longus innervation

A

superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

151
Q

gastrocnemius proximal attachment - lateral head

A

lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

152
Q

gastrocnemius proximal attachment - medial head

A

from popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

153
Q

gastrocnemius distal attachment

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

154
Q

gastrocnemius action

A

PF ankle** (primary)
foot inverter
flex knee joint (assists – if short, can limit knee extension)
supports end range of foot inversion and eversion (bc of how wide Achilles tendon is)

155
Q

gastrocnemius innervation

A

tibial n (S1, S2)

156
Q

soleus proximal attachment

A

posterior aspect of head of fibula
superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula
soleal line of tibia
medial border of tibia

157
Q

soleus distal attachment

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via cancaneal tendon

158
Q

soleus action

A 
PF ankle (regardless of knee position) 
inversion of ankle
159
Q

soleus innervation

A

tibial n (S1, S2)

160
Q

plantaris proximal attachment

A

inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

161
Q

plantaris proximal attachment

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

162
Q

plantaris action

A

knee flexion

weak assist in PF of ankle

163
Q

plantaris action

A

tibial n (S1, S2)

164
Q

ventral rami: tibial n

A

L4-S3

165
Q

ventral rami: common peroneal n

A

L4-S2

166
Q

popliteus proximal attachment

A

lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus**

167
Q

popliteus distal attachmnet

A

posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

168
Q

popliteus action and function

A 
action:
weakly flex knee
IR tibia on femur (unlocks knee)
function:
forms part of floor of popliteal fossa
169
Q

flexor digitorum longus proximal attachment

A

medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line

170
Q

flexor digitorum longus distal attachment

A

base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

171
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A

flex lateral 4 digits
PF ankle
inversion of foot
supports longitudinal arch of foot

172
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

Tibial n (S2, S3)

173
Q

intrinsic foot muscles that attach to flexor digitorum longus

A

quadratus plantae inserts on FDL

lumbricals arise from FDL

174
Q

flexor hallicus longus proximal attachment

A

inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula

inferior part of interosseous membrane

175
Q

flexor hallicus longus distal attachment

A

plantar surface, base of distal phalanx of great toe

176
Q

flexor hallicus longus action

A 
flex great toe
PF ankle
inversion of foot
supports medial long arch 
(powerful push-off muscle during walking)
177
Q

flexor hallicus longus innervation

A

tibial n (S2, S3)

178
Q

tibialis posterior proximal attachment

A

interosseous membrane
posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
posterior surface of fibula

179
Q

tibialis posterior distal attachment

A 
tuberosity of navicular 
all cuneiform bones
sustentaculum tali
cuboid
base of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals 
(aka all tarsal bones except talus)
180
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

main investor of foot
PF ankle
resist collapse of arch

181
Q

tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial n (L4, L5)

182
Q

extensor digitorum brevis proximal attachment

A

floor of sinus tarsi of calcaneus and extensor retinaculum

183
Q

extensor digitorum brevis distal attachment

A

medial 4 toes

CHECK

184
Q

extensor digitorum brevis action

A

aids EDL in extending medial 4 toes at MTP joints

CHECK

185
Q

extensor digitorum brevis innervation

A

deep peroneal n

186
Q

extensor hallucis brevis proximal attachment

A

floor of sinus tarsi of calcaneus and extensor retinaculum

187
Q

extensor hallucis brevis distal attachment

A

dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

188
Q

extensor hallucis brevis action

A

aids EHL in extending great toe at MTP

189
Q

extensor hallucis brevis innervation

A

deep peroneal n

190
Q

terminal cutaneous branch of deep peroneal n innervates…

A

sensation to 1st web space

191
Q

medial and lateral plantar nn are terminal branches of…

A

tibial n

192
Q

abductor hallucis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

1

medial plantar n

193
Q

lumbricals are in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and are innervated by ___

A

2
lateral 3: lateral plantar n
1st: medial plantar n

194
Q

quadratus plantae is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

2

lateral plantar n

195
Q

flexor hallucis brevis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

3

medial plantar n

196
Q

adductor hallucis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

3

lateral plantar n

197
Q

if there is a lesion to the lateral plantar n, will the motor supply to the big toe be impacted?

A

no

198
Q

flexor digitorum brevis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

1

medial plantar n

199
Q

plantar interossei are in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

4

lateral plantar n

200
Q

flexor digiti minimi is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

3

lateral plantar n

201
Q

action of quadratus plantae

A

assists in flexing lateral 4 digits

202
Q

abductor digiti minimi is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___

A

1

lateral plantar n

203
Q

dorsal interossei are in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and are innervated by ___

A

4

lateral plantar n

204
Q

medial plantar n cutaneous innervation of foot

A

dorsal foot, medial to 4th metatarsal and inferior to calcaneus

205
Q

saphenous n cutaneous innervation of foot

A

skin on medial side of ankle and foot up to head of 1st metatarsal

206
Q

calcaneal branch of tibial n cutaneous innervation of foot

A

dorsal foot, over calcaneus

207
Q

lateral plantar n cuteanous innervation of foot

A

dorsal foot, lateral to 4th metatarsal and inferior to calcaneus

208
Q

sural n cuteanous innervation of foot

A

dorsal foot, most lateral (along lateral edge)

209
Q

saphenous n originates from…

A

femoral n

210
Q

sural n originates from…

A

med/lat sural from tibial and common fibular

211
Q

tibial n originates from…

A

sciatic n

212
Q

superficial fibular (peroneal) n originates from…

A

common fibular/ peroneal n

213
Q

deep fibular (peroneal) n originates from…

A

common fibular/ peroneal n

214
Q

lateral plantar n originates from…

A

tibial n

215
Q

medial plantar n originates from…

A

tibial n

Anatomy (3 decks)

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