Test 3 mental health notes Flashcards
A drug, medicine, chemical or toxicant
Substance
ingestion any chemical that affects the body
Substance use
excessive use of a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences.
substance abuse
Substance abuse involves a __________________ of chemical substances, leading to clinically significant impairment over a 12 month period and at _____________________ of the following problems:
*Inability to perform normal duties at home, school, and work
* Taking part in hazardous situations while impaired, such as driving
*Repeated legal or other personal problems caused by the substance use
*continued use of the substance despite the problems it has caused
1) repeated use
2) at least one
Substance dependence =involves __________________, withdrawal, and compulsive use
tolerance
Substance dependence involves a repeated use of chemical substances, leading to clinically significant impairment over a 12 month period, and _______________________________ of the following problems:
*___________________________-a need for higher and higher doses to a substance to achieve a desired effect
*___________________________-the stopping or reduction of intake that results in specific physical and psychological signs and symptoms (such as tremor, headaches, and other symptoms when alcohol is not available)-course varies with drug
*the substance is taken in ____________________ or for longer periods than intended
*a persistent but unsuccessful desire to control use of the substance
*progressively more time spent in obtaining, using, and recovering from use of the substance
*reduction in normal social or occupational activities
* continued use of the substance despite the problems it has caused
1) three or more
2) tolerance
3) withdraw syndrome
4) larger amounts
use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior
intoxication
process of safely withdrawing from a substance
detoxification
abuse of more than one substance
polysubstance abuse
a tolerance to the effects of a drug acquired through continuous use
habituation
“substance dependency” =psychological and physiological dependence and drug seeking behavior
*Characteristerics:
*loss of control due to participation in the dependency
* participation in the dependency continues despite associated problems
*tendency to relapse back into the dependency
Addiction
refraining from substance use, goal for each client; although relapse is common and should be expected
complete abstinence
refusal to accept reality or fact, defense mechanism used by clients who have problems with drug abuse or dependency
denial
Common substances abused
central nervous system depressant that is quickly absorbed into the blood stream, most commonly abused substance in the world
alcohol
a lab blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% (80 g/dl) is considered _________________________________ for adults operating automobiles in every US State; death can occur from acute toxicity in levels >0.35% (350g/dl)
legally intoxicated
a lab blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% (80 g/dl) is considered _________________________________ for adults operating automobiles in every US State; death can occur from acute toxicity in levels >0.35% (350g/dl)
legally intoxicated
90% is broken down in the liver
alcohol
the result of excessive alcohol use during pregnancy
Fetal alcohol syndrome
it affects more than 1 child per 1000 live births. it is estimated that as many as 2-5% of first grade students in the US might have this disease
Fetal alcohol syndrome
causes children to have smaller heads (microcephaly), smaller in size at birth, and fail to develop normally
fetal alcohol syndrome
this drug causes infant when exposed in utero have sleeping and eating problems, unusual levels of irritability, and high pitched cries.
cocaine
booze, hooch, moonshine, brew
street names for alcohol
mode of administration for alcohol
orally
relaxation, decreased social anxiety, and maintaining calm; drowning sorrows; peer pressure and makes me feel free
Reasons people give for drinking alcohol
*altered judgement, decreased motor skills, decreased level of consciousness, slurred speech, unsteady gait, aggressive behavior
*with higher doses -vomiting, respiratory depression, aspiration pneumonia, and death
*chronic use
-liver damage (hepatitis and cirrhosis)
cardiovascular damage (cardiac myopathy-enlarged, weak heart muscle), HTN
*erosive gastritis, GI bleeding
8 acute pancreatitis : poor nutrition , anemias, immune dysfunction
Intoxication/overdoses signs
*low degree of dependence-nausea, anxiety, and tremors
* high degree of dependence-usually see effects within 6 to 48 hours of last intake and continue for 3 to 5 days , or as long as 7 days; symptoms include- abdominal cramping, vomiting, tremors restlessness, and inability to sleep, sweating and tachycardia
hypertension, tachypnea, and elevated temperature, and seizures
*delirium tremens (DTs)- medical emergency -severe disorientation, psychotic symptoms (hallucinations) ,
severe hypertension, (all v/s increased, insomnia, cardiac dysrhythmias tremors, delirium, and may progress to death; symptoms begin 48 hours to can last up to 10 days after last drink
* assess for when they had last drink
*detox should take place under medical supervision
* benzo’s help suppress withdrawal symptoms
withdrawal/detoxification from alcohol
a form of amnesia about events that occurred during drinking periods
blackouts
alcoholic encephalopathy (brain disease ,damage, or malfunction which results from severe Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency caused by poor nutrition and symptoms include ataxia (which is a lack of muscle coordination), mental confusion, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) diplopia (double vision) and can lead to death
Wernicke’s encephalopathy syndrome
alcoholic encephalopathy (brain disease ,damage, or malfunction which results from severe Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency caused by poor nutrition and symptoms include ataxia (which is a lack of muscle coordination), mental confusion, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) diplopia (double vision) and can lead to death
Wernicke’s encephalopathy syndrome
form of amnesia characterized by a loss of short term memory and inability to learn new skills (caused by a deficiency in the Vitamin B
Korskoff’s psychosis syndrome
sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics includes all CNS DEPRESSANTS SUCH AS BARBITURATES and benzodiazepines
CNS Depressants
downers, Red Devils, blue angels, yellow jackets, candy, barbs
street names for CNS Depressants
sedation and decreased anxiety
intended effects of CNS Depressants
respiratory depression and decreased level of consciousness, cardiac failure, and can lead to death ( no antidote) -ICU-dialysis to excrete
*benzodiazeprines =increased drowsiness and sedation, respiratory depression ( rarely fatal usually only when combined with other CNS depressants FOR both, slurred speech unsteady gait, lack of coordination
intoxication overdose
respiratory depression and decreased level of consciousness, cardiac failure, and can lead to death ( no antidote) -ICU-dialysis to excrete
*benzodiazeprines =increased drowsiness and sedation, respiratory depression ( rarely fatal usually only when combined with other CNS depressants FOR both, slurred speech unsteady gait, lack of coordination
intoxication overdose
symptoms opposite the acute effects of the drug -autonomic hyperactivity ( increased pulse, blood pressure, respirations, and temperature) hand tremors, hallucinations
*aggitation, inseminai, anxiety , nausea, and psychomotor agitation , insomnia, anxiety, nausea, and psychomotor agitation, increased movement, anxiety, pacing, irritability, and diaphoresis
*in severe cases seizures, delirium, and cardiovascular collapse (seen mostly in barbiturate withdrawal)
* taper off over period of days or weeks
withdrawal/ detoxification
from alcohol
drugs that stimulate or excite the Central nervous system; limited clinical use with a high potential for abuse
stimulus
Examples:amphetamines “uppers” example: adderall (can be taken orally, injected IV, or smoked such as crystal meth) popular in the past and used by people who wanted to stay awake and lose weight
*methamphetamine which is closely related to amphetamines which is closely related to amphetamines is more habit forming, longer acting, and more toxic to the CNS, is very dangerous, highly addictive and causes psychotic behavior
CNS depressants
bennies, speed, uppers, pep pills, crystal, crank, meth, speed, ice
Street names for CNS depressants
can be injected, smoked, or inhaled or snorted ) an illegal drug with no clinical use in medicine (this liquid drug is used in ER situations for nosebleeds -vasoconstricts) AND IS A POPULAR RECREATIONAL DRUG BECAUSE OF THE intense and immediate feeling of euphoria (great happiness or well-being) it produces
Cocaine
coke, crack, snow, powder, nose candy, rock
street names for cocaine
increased energy, euphoria, and rush of pleasure
intended effects from cocaine