Test 3 Information Flashcards
conception
the uniont of a single egg and sperm
sequential process of conception
gamete formation, ovulation, fertilization, and implantation
capacitation
removal of sperm protective coating
where does fertilization occur?
in the outer 2/3 of the fallopian tubes
when does implantation occur?
6-10 days after fertilization
what can you experience as a result of implantation?
spotting because of the implantation site
ectoderm
pituitary gland, nails, hair - epidermis
mesoderm
bladder, different big organ systems, cardiovascular system, muscles
endoderm
inside of the bladder, linings of the digestive tract, oral pharynx, components of the liver
when is the baby considered am enbryo
15 days to 8 weeks
oogenesis
the process of egg formation
spermatogenesis
the process of sperm formation
how long is the ovum considered fertile for after ovulation
24 hours
acrosome
cap on the sperm
when does oogenesis occur in females
in utero
how many eggs are being formed while in utero?
2 million eggs
how many oocytes mature and ovulate during a womans time of child bearing years
400-500 eggs
how much sperm is in one sample of sperm
200-500 million
zona reaction
when the sperm and oocyte meet and a capsule is formed around them to prevent further sperm to fertilize that egg
when is the heart fully developed in the embryo
8 weeks
when are the upper limbs fully developed in the embryo
8 weeks
when are the lower limbs fully developed in the embryo
8 weeks
when is the palate fully developed in utero
9 weeks
when are the ears fully developed in utero?
16 weeks
when is the CNS fully developed in utero?
38 weeks
when are the eyes fully developed in utero?
38 weeks
when are the teeth fully developed in utero?
38 weeks
when is the external genetalia fully developed in utero?
38 weeks
two fetal membranes that surround the developing embryo
chorion and amnion
purpose of the amniotic fluid
helps to maintain fetal body temp
serves as a repository for waste
provides nutrients such as proteins, electrolytes, immunoglobulins, and vitamins
protects the baby from shock
also protects the baby from infection
how much amniotic fluid should be in the amniotic sack
700-800mL of fluid
oligohydramnios
less than 300ccs of amniotic fluid
what would less amniotic fluid indicate in the baby?
kidney issues in the baby
polyhydramnios
over 2000ccs of amniotic fluid
What would alot of amniotic fluid indicate in the baby?
gastrointestinal issues and other malformations
wharton’s jelly
connective tissue surrounding the vessels of the umbilical cord preventing compression of the vessels and ensuring continuous nourishment of the embryo or fetus
how many vessels are there supposed to be in the umbilical cord
2 arteries and 1 vein
what are we concerned about with a baby with a 2 vessel cord
growth and development
nuchal cord
cord wrapped around the baby’s neck
when the the placenta completely done forming
12th week
what two hormones does the placenta produce
HCG and progesterone
how much should HCG levels increase
levels should double by 48 hours
viability
the capability of the fetus to survive outside of the uterus
ductus arteriorus
short vessel the connects the fetal pulmonary artery to the aorta and involutes following birth
ductus venosus
shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and is essential for normal fetal circulation
foramen ovale
hole in between the right and left atrium that allows blood to cross the atria and bypass pulmonary circulation during fetal development
at what day is maternal-placental-embryonic circulation in place
day 17
when can chorionic villi sampling be done
8th week; however sampling done before the 10th week can cause limb defects
Endocrine function of the placenta
produces four hormones that are necessary to maintain the pregnancy and support the embryo and fetus: HCG, human placental lactogen, progestrone, estrogens
Functions of HCG hormone
preserves the function of the corpus luterum ensuring the continued supply of estrogen and progesterone needed to maintain the pregnancy
when can HCG be detected in the blood
6-8 days after conception
when can HCG be detected in the urine
6-8 days after conception
functions of human placental lactogen
similar to growth hormone and stimulates the maternal metabolism to supply nutrients needed for fetal growth
increases the resistance to insulin, facilitates glucose transport across the placental membrane, stimulates breast development to prepare for lactation
functions of progesterone in pregnancy
maintains the endometrium, decreases the contractility of the uterus, and stimulates maternal metabolism and development of breast alveoli
where does the blood arrive into fetal circulation
blood arrives via the umbilical vein
what is the first stop for the blood after it has entered fetal circulation
the liver, but most of it bypasses the liver using the ductus venosus to then head to the inferior vena cava of the heart
Amniocentesis
aspiration of amniotic fluid for analysis by insertion of a needle through the abdomen into the clients uterus.
when can a amniocentesis be performed
starting at the 14th week and up until the 20th week
what can you assess for through an amniocentesis
chromosomal issues
what 5 things are a part of the biophysical profile
fetal heart rate, fetal breathing movements, gross fetal movements, fetal tone, and amiotic fluid
scores for fetal heart rate
reactive in the NST - 2
non reactive in the NST - 0
scores for fetal breathing movements
1 episode of breathing longer than 30 seconds in the 20 min scan - 2
absent or less than 30 second duration - 0
