Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AH 1 > Test 3 Headaches (CNS, Brain) > Flashcards

Test 3 Headaches (CNS, Brain) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of headaches?

A

Migraine headaches

Cluster headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the risk factors for headaches in general?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Environmental allergies
  • Medication
  • Intense odors, bright lights
  • Fatigue, sleep deprivation
  • Depression
  • Emotional/physical stress, anxiety
  • Menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the Foods (triggers or risks for headaches)?

A

(Triggers or risk factors for heachaches)
Food containing tyramine: (nuts, pickles, caffeine, beer, wine, aged cheese, artificial sweeteners, sugar-free beverages)

caffeine, monosodium glutimate (MSG), nitrites, milk products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pathology is migraines?

A

Migraines are Multifaceted:

  • Vascular
  • Genetic
  • Neurological
  • Hormonal
  • Environmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of migraines?

A

Migraine symptoms:

  • Intense pain, UNILATERAL (often behind one ear or eye)
  • Descriptor –> Throbbing
  • Worsens with movement
  • Photophobia or phonophobia (sensitive to sound)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 categories of migraine?

A

Migraines have 3 categories:

  • Aura (Classical migraine)
  • No aura (Common migraine)
  • Atypical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Migraines:

What are the stages or phases of the Aura category?

A

Aura category:

-Prodromal stage
-Aura stage
-Second stage
-Third stage
Sense of migraine coming on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Migraine: With Aura

What is the prodromal stage?

A

Include awareness of findings for hours to days before onset: irritability, depression, food cravings, diarrhea/constipation, and frequent urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Migraine: With Aura

What is the Aura stage?

A

Develops over minutes to an hour and includes: numbness/tingling of mouth, lips, face, or hands; visual disturbances (lights flashes, bright spots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Migraine: With Aura

What is the Second stage?

A

Severe, incapacitating, throbbing headache that intensifies over several hours and is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and vertigo (dizzy spells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Migraine: With Aura

What is the Third stage?

A

(4 to 72 hours)
Headache dull
Older adults may continue with aura, and pain subsides (visual migraine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Migraines:

What are the characteristics of the No Aura (common migraine) category?

A

No aura:

  • 4 to 72 hours duration
  • Pain aggravated by physical activity
  • One or more of these present: photophobia, phonophobia, nuasea, and/or vomiting
  • Unilateral, pulsating pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Migraines:

What are the characteristics of the Atypical category?

A

Atypical:

  • Headache lasting longer than 72 hours
  • Ischemic infarction may be found on neuroimaging
  • Neuro manifestations persist for 7 days
  • Do not fit other criteria (unclassified)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Migraine (Patient Education):

What is the migraine “Three R” approach with a patient?

A

Migraine (Patient Education):
“Three R” approach:

“R”ecognize migraine symptoms
“R”espond and seek health care provider
“R”elieve pain and associated symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are nursing care considerations during a headache?

A

Nursing care during a headache:

  • Maintain a cool, dark, quiet environment
  • Elevate HOB to 30 degrees
  • Administer medications as prescribed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abortive Therapy:

What are the abortive therapy medications to alleviate MILD migraine pain?

A

Abortive Therapy:

  • Acetaminophen
  • NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, naproxen)
  • OTC anti-inflammatory (Advil Migraine Capsules)
  • Antiemetics to relive N/V: metoclopramide (Reglan)
17
Q

Abortive Therapy:

What are the abortive therapy medications to alleviate SEVERE migraine pain?

A

Abortive therapy:

  • Triptan preparations
  • Ergotamine preparations
  • Isometheptine combination
18
Q

Abortive Therapy:

How do the Triptan preparations work against SEVERE migraines?

A

Abortive therapy: Severe migraine

Triptan preparations produce a vasoconstrictive effect.

zolmitriptan, sumatriptan, eletriptan

19
Q

Abortive Therapy:

How do the Ergotamine preparations preparations work against SEVERE migraines?

A

Abortive therapy: Severe migraine

Ergotamine preparations with caffeine narrow blood vessels and reduce inflammation.

-Cafergot, dihydroergotamine (Migranal)

20
Q

Abortive Therapy:

When is the Isometheptene combination formulations against SEVERE migraines used?

A

Abortive Therapy: Severe migraine

Isometheptine in combination formulations (Midrin) used when other medications DO NOT WORK.

21
Q

Preventative Therapy:

What are the preventative medications given for frequent headaches or when other therapies are ineffective?

What is important to instruct patients to do with these medications?

A

Preventative Therapy:

  • NSAIDs with: (Drugs below)
  • Beta blocker: Propranolol, timolol,
  • Calcium channel blocker: verapamil
  • Antiepileptic drugs: Topiramate, divalproex (Depkote)

***Instruct patient to check pulses when taking beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium channel blockers.

22
Q

Preventative Therapy:

What are some foods with tyramine to avoid?

What else should be avoided?

A

Preventative Therapy:

  • Avoid foods with tyramine (nuts, pickles, caffeine, beer, wine, aged cheese, artificial sweeteners, sugar-free beverages)
  • Avoid foods with MSG or preservatives
23
Q

Preventative Therapy:

What medications are known to induce migraines?

A

Medications known to induce migraines:

ranitidine, estrogen, nitroglycerine, nifedipine

24
Q

What are cluster headaches?

How long do they last?
How often do they occur?

Do they radiate?

Are there warning signs?

Are they seasonal?

A

-Cluster headaches are brief episodes of intense, unilateral non-throbbing or boring pain. (trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia)

  • Lasting 30 minutes to 2 hours
  • Occurring daily at about the SAME TIME for 4 to 12 weeks
  • Yes, can radiate to forehead, temple, or cheek.
  • No warning signs
  • Yes, cluster headaches are more frequent during the fall and spring.
25
Q

What is the patho of cluster headaches?

A

Cluster headache Patho:

Vasoreactivity and Neurogenic inflammation

26
Q

What are symptoms of cluster headaches?

A

Cluster headache Symptoms:

  • Tearing of eye with nasal congestion
  • Facial sweating
  • Drooping eyelid (ptosis) and eyelid edema
  • Miosis
  • Facial pallor –> Very white
  • Nausea & vomiting
  • Pacing, walking, and rocking activities
27
Q

What are the medication treatments used for cluster headaches?

A

Cluster headache: Mediation treatments:

  • Triptans
  • Ergotamine preparations
  • Antiepileptic medications
  • CCC, Lithium, Corticosteroids
  • Melatonin, Glucosamine
  • OTC Capsaicin
28
Q

What should be taught for the oxygen therapy used for cluster headaches?

A

Oxygen therapy:

  • 100% for short periods of time during headache, the d/c
  • Remain in sitting position when using oxygen, and maintain safety precautions when using at home.
29
Q

What are some strategies to prevent cluster headaches?

A
  • Wear sunglasses
  • Obtain adequate rest, exercise, relaxation
  • Avoid tyramine MSG, nitrates (preservatives)
30
Q

What are the risk factor (triggers) for cluster headaches?

A

Cluster Headache Risk factors:

  • Anger outburst
  • Stress
  • Excessive physical activity
  • Altered sleep-wake cycles

AH 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions