Test 3 (Chapter 8) Flashcards
Fairly predictable changes in behavior associated with increasing age
development
Two sources of developmental change
- maturation
- experience
the orderly unfolding of traits, as regulated by the genetic code
maturation
examples of maturation
- babinski reflex
- rooting reflex
- grasping reflex
newborn infants flex their toes outward when the sole of the foot is touched/scratched
babinski reflex
if the corners of infants’ mouths are touched, they will turn their heads in that direction
rooting reflex
during the first few weeks of life, infants will firmly grasp a finger or pencil placed in their hands
- grasping reflex
factors that influence prenatal development
- mother’s diet
- drugs
- alcohol
- cigarette smoking
- chemicals
- radiation
- diseases
- interaction of RH positive and Rh negative blood
- age of mother
- extreme anxiety
risks associated with the father that influence prenatal development
- age
- alcohol
- cigarette smoking
T/F: neonates can focus their eyes well
F
T/F: neonates can’t distinguish between light and dark, detect movement, or track a visual stimulus
F
Newborns differentiate ___ around 1-2 months
colors
babies can recognize their mother’s face at __ ___ of age
two weeks
newborns CAN distinguish between ___ ____
people’s voices
newborns prefer a ____ taste
sweet
Three most important developmental tasks of infancy
- ability to perceive the world accurately
- move about purposefully
- develop social relationships
Infants are approximately ___ ___ old before they have complete integration of the senses
1 year
On average, infants turn over around _____
fadsgasd
infants sit on their own around ___ of age
6 months
infants start walking at about ___ ___ of age
1 year
Embryonic stage and motor development follow the ____ principle
cephalocaudal
head-to-toe direction; series of head, feet, and hands
cephalocaudal principle
Piaget’s theory of cognitive develoment: we organize the world into ____
schemas (concepts)
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: We adapt by ____
assimilation
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: assimilation
process where new concepts and experiences are incorporated into existing ones and are then used in a meaningful way
- Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: accommodation
* example of this
- the adjustment to new objects or stimuli by acquiring new responses
- ex. book, computer
list the stages of cognitive development
- sensorimotor stage
- preoperational stage
- concrete operational stage
- formal operational sage
stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor stage
- control of body movement to interact with environment = important
- develops object permanence
object permanence
- object exists even when not physically present
example of object permanence
- child looking for hidden toy
stages of cognitive development: learning to represent the world symbolically
- preoperational stage
