Test 3: Breathing System Flashcards
Laminar flow is _______ flow
Linear
In laminar flow the flow is the highest in the _____ of the tube.
Why?
Middle
Because of less friction being present
A larger tube for gas to flow through will allow more or less gas to flow?
More
Wha this Hagen-Posieuille Law for Laminar flow?
Change in pressure= (Lx v x V) r4
What is turbulent flow?
Flow going in multiple directions, not parallel.
In turbulent flow, the flow can be ______ or _____.
Localized or generalized
The more resistance, will do what to gas delivery?
Slow it down
With turbulent flow, the flow will be _______ throughout.
Constant
Laminar-turbulent flow will need more ________ to overcome the resistance.
Pressure
What will increase the resistance on breathing circuits?
Bends
Lengthy tubing
Changes in diameter (going smaller)
What causes generalized turbulence?
exceeding the critical flow rate
what causes localized turbulent flow?
when gas flow is below the critical flow rate but encounters constrictions, curves, or valves an area of localized turbulence occurs
what is the nature of laminar flow? particles move how?
the nature of the flow is smooth and orderly,
particles move parallel to the walls of the tube
describe the nature of turbulent flow?
flow is going in multiple directions, no longer parallel
turbulent flow can be ________ or ________.
localized or generalized
the more resistance will do what to the flow?
slow it down
the flow rate of turbulent flow is what across the diameter of the tube?
the same
describe the flow rate across the diameter of the tube for laminar flow?
the flow is the greatest in the middle
what is the Hagen-Posieulle Law for Turbulent flow?
change in pressure is equal to Lxflow rate (V) x K (constant that includes gavity, friction, and gas density and viscosity)/ r5
resistance imposes what on the patient?
a strain
changes in breathing tend to parallel changes in?
work of breathing
_______ ________ is typically greater source of resistance compared to the breathing circuit.
tracheal tube (smaller diameter and exposed to secretions and could be bite down on and such)
list five ways the anesthesia provider could limit resistance?
short length
limit turns
limit valves
limit kinks
ensure largest internal diameter
when does resistance become excessive?
when the patient cannot overcome it
flow volume loops can show changes in?
resistance
pressure volume loops can show changes in?
compliance
compliance is a change in ________ over a change in __________.
change in volume over a change in pressure
in the breathing system what is the most distensible components?
reservoir bag
breathing tube
compliance places a role in determination of?
tidal volume
compliance is a measure of?
distensiability
A higher compliance is equal to what volume and pressure?
larger volume
less pressure
lower compliance equals what volume and pressure?
less volume
more pressure
the more compliant your system is the less __________
resistance
easier to distend
the purpose of all types of anesthesia breathing circuits is to deliver? and eliminate?
oxygen and anesthetic
carbon dioxide
what does rebreathing mean?
to inhale previously respired gases from carbon dioxide which may or may not have been removed.
rebreathing is ______ as the fresh gas flow is decreased.
increased
name the three factors that influence rebreathing?
fresh gas flow
mechanical dead space
breathing system design
if the volume of FGF supplied per minute is equal to or greater than the patient’s minute volume, is there rebreathing?
no
as long as provision is made for unimpeded exhaust to the atmosphere or to a scavenging system at the point close to the patient respiratory tract
what is dead space?
ventilation without perfusion
how do you minimize mechanical dead space?
seperate the inspiratory and expiratory gas streams as close to the patient as possible
what is mechanical dead space?
the volume in a breathing system occupied by gases that are rebreathed without any change in composition
with no rebreathing, the composition of inspired gas is identical to?
fresh gas
When rebreathing occurs, the inpsired gas is composed of what?
part fresh gas and part rebreathed gas
what is the temperature and moisture content of fresh gas?
room temp and dry
what is the temperature and moisture content of exhaled gases?
warm and moist
rebreathing reduces what?
heat and moisture loss
cost from decreasing gas supply