Test 3 - Blood Flashcards
What is the difference between a formed element and plasma when discussing blood?
formed elements = cells
plasma = ECM
Where are the majority of plasma proteins of blood made?
bone marrow
When discussing formed elements in the blood, which type should be most abundant?
RBCs
What could it indicate if WBCS were more than abundant than usual?
illness, allergy, or dysfunction
What does it indicate if lymphocytes are more abundant than normal?
circulating to recognize foreign invaders
What does it indicate if moncytes are more abundant than normal?
differentiating into macrophages (going to clean up)
What does it indicate if neutrophils are more abundant than normal?
bacterial or viral infection
What does it indicate if eosinophils are more abundant than normal?
allergic reaction, parasitic infection, chronic inflammation
What does it indicate if basophils are more abundant than normal?
only are in the bloodstream during anaphylaxis
Why do mature erythrocytes appear the way they do.
- anucleate (nucleus is “spit” out)
- integral & peripheral membrane proteins maintain donut concave cell shape
- have a set size
- non-motile and highly deformable
What are blood antigens and the Rh factor?
glycolipids and glycoproteins that are on the surface of RBCs that produce serum antibodies and Rh is also a transmembrane polypeptide with three antigenic sites
Neutrophil band cells
early neutrophil that indicates a problem (doesn’t have lobes, because hasn’t matured)
Compare and contrast agranulocytes:
- neutrophils - light pinkish
- eosinophils - dark pink/purple
- basophils - black
Neutrophil extravasation
movement of neutrophil into connective tissue (as a response to the immune system/first responder)
How does neutrophil extravasation occur?
- selectins on endothelium bind to carbohydrate groups on neutrophil
- integrins on neutrophil bind to adhesion molecules for attachment
- neutrophil excretes heparin and histamines to open epithelial junctions
- diapedesis (movement of neutrophil out of bloodstream)
What is opsonization?
marking an antigen with antibodies for immune response
What is pus, and where does it come from?
pus is a result of antigen to WBC interaction - after intracellular digestion, accumulation of dead bacteria and dead neutrophils creates pus
Where do you find megakaryocytes?
bone marrow
Can you find megakaryocytes in circulation?
No, because they “burst” in marrow to release platelets
What are the function of platelets?
- continuous blood vessel surveillance (maintain vessel integrity)
- blood clot formation
- repair injured tissue
What is hematopoiesis?
development of blood cells
Where does hematopoiesis take place?
bone marrow
What is erythropoiese?
development of RBCs & regulating erythropoietin (bone marrow)
Do you expect to see mitotic RBC or WBC in circulation?
No
Describe the main differences between the common myeloid progenitor and the common lymphoid progenitor.
both come from pluripotential stem cells (PPSC) in the bone marrow
- myeloid: RBCs, megakaryocytes, and all WBCs (besides lymphocytes)
- lymphoid: lymphocytes only (T,B, NK)
